73. SURAH ANBIYAH – Presentation of Islam and Quran

INTRODUCTION

Surah Anbiya [Prophets] was revealed in Mecca in the 73rd order and took its name from the “prophets” whose stories are briefly narrated in the surah. These prophets whose stories have been narrated are Abraham (as), Isaac (as), Jacob (as), Lut (as), Noah (as), David (as), Solomon (as), Ayyub (as), Ismail (as), Idris. (as), Zülkifl (as), Zünnûn [Yunus] (as), Zekeriyya (as) and Jesus (as). Compared to others, the story of Prophet Abraham is told in a comprehensive way, in an attractive style and with evidence that impresses everyone, on the basis of his struggle with his pagan people.

Then, it is emphasized that the purpose of sending the Messenger of Allah was to be a mercy to the worlds.

The institution of prophethood [embassy] is the main theme of the sura. In addition, principles of faith such as the unity of Allah, resurrection after death and being held to account are also among the topics covered. In addition, the power of Allah is revealed by drawing attention to the evidence found both in the biological structure of man and in the universe so that we can take a lesson from it.

The surah consists of many sections. Considering the relationship of its verses with each other, it is understood that the sura was revealed all at once or at close intervals and was completed.

MEANING:

¹Their account for the people has got closer. Yet they are the ones who keep away in heedlessness.

^2,3They listen to every new reminder that has come to them from their Rabb only while they are at play and with their hearts amused. And those who do wrong; act against their own good by associating others with Allah concealed this whisper among themselves: “Is this anything except a human like you? So, do you follow magic while you see?”.

⁴Say: “My Rabb knows every word in the heavens/universe and on the earth. And He is the One Who hears best, knows best”.

⁵Yet they said: “These are a mixture of dreams; rather, he has invented it; rather, he is a poet. Then let him bring us an evidence/a sign like those which were sent before him”.

⁶None of the cities that We destroyed before them had believed. So now, will they?

⁷And We sent/made messenger before you only those mature ones to whom We have revealed.

If you do not know, ask the People of the Reminder/People of the Book/those who have knowledge of revelation.

⁸And We did not make those messengers dead bodies who did not eat. They were not eternal/immortal either.

⁹Then We fulfilled the promise that We had given to them. Thus We saved them and those whom We willed. And We manipulated/destroyed those who had shown the truth incomplete.

¹⁰No doubt that We have sent down to you a book in which is your reminder/honor and glory. Will you still not reason despite this?

¹¹And We devastated many cities that did wrong; acted against their own good by associating others with Allah. And We made other peoples after them.

¹²And when they felt the severity of Our punishment, they fled away from it. –¹³Do not flee away, return to that in which you have been transgressing and your homes so you may be questioned.-

¹⁴They said: “O woe to us! Surely, we were the ones who do wrong; act against our own good”.

¹⁵Their call did not stop until it made them like harvested crops and quenched furnaces/ashes.

¹⁶And We did not form the heavens/universe and the earth and all that in between as the Ones Who play.

¹⁷If We intended to take a diversion, we would definitely have taken it from Us, if We were to do so.

¹⁸Rather, We dash the truth upon falsehood and it destroys it. Then you see that the falsehood has perished. O woe to you for what you ascribe to Allah!

^19,20And whoever is in the heavens/universe and on the earth belongs only to Him. Those who know Allah well and whom Allah values do not become arrogant and do not become weary of His worship, they purify Him from all deficiencies, day and night.

²¹Or have they taken some deities from the earth and they will give life to/resurrect them?

²²If there had been other gods in the heavens/universe and on the earth beside Allah, both of these; the earth, heavens/universe would have definitely been in chaos/their order would have been distorted. Then purified is Allah, Rabb of the greatest throne from that which they ascribe to Him.

²³Allah, Rabb of the throne is not responsible for what He does but they will be responsible.

²⁴Or have they taken some gods from among those that are inferior to Him? Say: “Bring your solid proof. And that is the reminder for those who are with me and those who were before me”. Rather, most of them do not know the truth. So, they are the ones who keep their distance.

²⁵And We did not send any messenger before you except that We revealed to him: “The truth is that there is no god but Me. Therefore, worship me”.

^26-28And they said: “Rahman [Allah; the One Who shows great mercy on the earth to all living beings that He created] has taken a child”. Rahman [Allah; the One Who shows great mercy on the earth to all living beings that He created] is purified from this. Rather, they are servants to whom bounties have been given. They can not precede Him in words; they only act by His command. He knows what is before and what is after whom they assumed to be the children of Rahman. And they can not aid/support other than those with whom He is pleased. And they shake in awe due to their deep respect and love to Him, fearing to be away from Him.

²⁹And whoever from among them says: “I surely am a god from among those that are inferior to Him”, We will surely recompense him with Jahannah [Hell]. Thus We recompense those who do wrong; act against their own good by associating others with Allah.

³⁰And have the infidels; those who consciously deny the divinity of Allah and the fact that He is Rabb not seen that heavens/universe and the earth were a joined entity and We separated them and formed every living thing from water/liquid? Do they still not believe despite this?

³¹And We made firm stakes within the earth so it may be a table for you/it may be suitable for agriculture. And We made many paths there so they may find the paths they are guided.

³²And We made the sky a protected ceiling. Yet they are the ones who keep their distance from the Ayat of the sky.

³³And He is the One Who formed the night, the day, the sun and the moon. They all float in an orbit.

³⁴And We did not grant to any man eternity before you either. So, if you die, are they the ones who live eternally?

³⁵Every creature with an identity will taste death. And We test you with evil and good to purify you. And you will be returned only to Us.

³⁶And when the infidels; those who consciously deny the divinity of Allah and the fact that He is Rabb see you, they only ridicule you; “Is it this who mentions your deities?”. Yet they are the ones who consciously deny the remembrance of Rahman [Allah; the One Who shows great mercy on the earth to all living beings that He created], His reminder, the Book, the Qur’an.

³⁷Man was formed of haste. I will soon show you My signs. Now do not ask me to hasten.

³⁸And those who deny say: “If you are truthful, when is this promise?”.

³⁹If only the infidels; those who consciously denied the divinity of Allah and the fact that He is Rabb knew the time when they will not be able to avert the fire from their faces and their backs and they will not be helped at all!

⁴⁰And this punishment will come to them unexpectedly and bewilder them. They will not be able to repel it and they will not be given respite.

⁴¹And indeed, many messengers before you were ridiculed so, that which they ridiculed surrounded those who mocked among them.

⁴²Say: “Who can protect you at night and by day from Rahman [Allah; the One Who shows great mercy on the earth to all living beings that He created]?”. Indeed they are the ones who keep their distance from the remembrance of their Rabb and His reminder.

⁴³Or are there some deities for them who protect them from Allah from among those that are inferior to Us? Those fake deities are not able to help themselves. And they are not supported by Us.

⁴⁴Actually, We let those infidels and their ancestors enjoy until life is long for them. So, do they not see that We set upon the earth and reduce it from its edges? Then, is it they who overcome?

⁴⁵Say: “I warn you only with the revelation”. The deaf do not heed the call when they are warned.

⁴⁶And indeed, if a whiff from the punishment of your Rabb touches them, they will definitely say: “O woe to us! Indeed we are the ones who have done wrong; acted against our own good”.

⁴⁷And We will place “the scales of justice and equity” for the day of Qiyamat [Resurrection]; no one will be treated unjustly at all. Even if it is the weight of a mustard seed, We will bring it forth. And We are sufficient as accountant.

^48,49And surely, We gave Moses and Aaron the criterion and a light and the reminder for those who fear their Rabb in awe with respect, love, knowledge in the unseen, unheard and unfelt desolate place, who are apprehensive of the moment of Qiyamat [Resurrection], who have entered under the guardianship of Allah.

⁵⁰And the Qur’an is a blessed reminder that We have sent down. Now, are you the ones who do not introduce it, who prevent it from being known?

⁵¹And surely, We gave Abraham his ability to distinguish between good and evil before. And We were the Ones Who knew him. ⁵²And when Abraham said to his father and people: “What are the statues to which you insist to worship?”.

⁵³They said: “We found our ancestors worshipping these”.

⁵⁴Abraham said: “I swear that you and your ancestors are in an explicit astray”.

⁵⁵They said: “Have you brought us the truth or are you among those who play?”.

^56,57Abraham said: “Rather, your Rabb is Rabb of the heavens/universe and the earth, it is He Who created them from nothing. And I am also of those who testify this. I swear by Allah that after you turn and go away, I will definitely plot against your idols”.

⁵⁸Then Abraham made these into pieces all except for the large one among them so they may return to it.

⁵⁹His people said: “Who did this to our idols? He surely is among those who do wrong; act against their own good”.

⁶⁰Some of them said: “We heard a young man who mentions them. He is called “Abraham””.

⁶¹They said: Then, bring Abraham before the people so they may testify him”.

⁶²They said: “O Abraham! Is it you who did this to our idols?”.

⁶³Abraham said: “Rather, that large one did it. Ask them if they are able to speak”.

⁶⁴So, they turned to their inner selves and said: “Indeed, you are the ones who do wrong; act against their own good”.

⁶⁵Then they returned to their minds again and said: “You have definitely known that these are not able to speak”.

^66,67Abraham said: “Then, do you worship that which is from among those that are inferior to Allah that do not benefit you at all and do not harm you? Then woe to you and what you worship from among those that are inferior to Allah! Will you still not reason?”.

⁶⁸His people said: “Make him burn [fire him, put him into distress] if you are the ones who do and help your gods”.

⁶⁹We said: “O fire! Be cool and safe for Abraham”.

⁷⁰And they intended to plot against him but We made them the ones who lose/suffer more.

⁷¹And We saved and delivered Abraham and Lot to the lands which were blessed in abundance for the people of the time.

⁷²And We bestowed him Isaac and Jacob in addition. And We made them all righteous people.

⁷³And We made them leaders who guided by Our command. And We revealed to them to do good deeds, establish Salah [establish and maintain the institutions that support financially and spiritually; enlighten the community] and give zaqah; the tax that the believers sincerely give as a liability of belief and duty of servitude so that the religion of Allah may be spread, maintained and Salah may be established. And they were the ones who worshipped only to Us.

⁷⁴And Lot; We gave him a judgment and a knowledge. We saved him from the city which committed wicked deeds. They surely were an evil people, the ones who went astray from the righteous path.

⁷⁵And We admitted Lot into Our mercy. Indeed, he is among the righteous.

⁷⁶And Noah; when he called before, then We responded to him. Then We saved him, his family, the people who were close to him and his believers from the great affliction.

⁷⁷And We helped him against his people who denied Our Ayat. Surely, they were an evil people so We drowned them all together in water.

⁷⁸And David and Solomon; when they were judging about the crops upon which the sheep of the people spread at night. And We knew the law of the people.

⁷⁹Then We made Solomon to understand it immediately. And We gave them all judgment and knowledge. And We took mountains and birds under command/we created them in a way that people may benefit from them so they might purify Allah from all deficiencies along with David. And We are the Ones Who do.

⁸⁰And We taught him how to make armors for you to protect you from the evil of yourselves. So, are you the ones who repay for the blessings you have been given?

⁸¹And for Solomon, We gave to his service the wind that stormed upon his command towards the lands in which We made blessings in abundance. And it is We Who know all.

⁸²And We gave to his service the devils that dived for him and other devils that do lesser jobs. And We were the protectors for them (Moses, Aaron, Abraham, Lot, Ishak, Jacob, Noah, David, Solomon).

^83,84And as for Job; when he called his Rabb: “Indeed a harm touched me. You are the most merciful of those who are merciful” so We responded for him. We removed from him that which was harm. And We gave him back his family, the ones close to him, all that he had lost and the same amount additionally as a mercy of Ours and as a reminder to those who worship.

⁸⁵And Ishmael, Idris [Enoch?] and Dhul-Kifl [Ezekiel?], they were all among those who had patience.

⁸⁶And We admitted them into Our mercy. They surely were among the righteous.

⁸⁷And Dhun-Nun [possessor of sword; the one from Nineveh]; when he went in displeasure and thought that We would not put him in distress. Then in darkness he called: “There is no deity except You! I purify you. I surely have been among those who do wrong; act against their own good!”.

⁸⁸Then We responded to him and saved him from distress/agony. Thus We save the believers.

^89,90And Zachariah; when he called to his Rabb: “My Rabb! Do not leave me alone; You are the best of inheritors” and We responded for him. And We bestowed him John. And We amended his wife/made her that she could give a birth. Indeed, they were racing in good deeds, and supplicating Us in hope and as being ideal people. And they felt a deep respect to Us.

⁹¹And that woman who meticulously guarded her chastity; We informed her with our reliable knowledge. We made her and her son an evidence/a sign for the mankind.

⁹²Surely, this is your community as the one united community. And I am your Rabb. Then worship Me.

⁹³Yet those who associate others with Allah shattered their affair among themselves. All will return only to Us.

⁹⁴Therefore, whoever does amendatory deeds while he has believed; there will be no ungratefulness for his effort. We indeed are the Ones Who write it.

⁹⁵And there is a prohibition upon a city that We manipulated/destroyed: “They surely will not return!”.

⁹⁶And when the raiders and their commander are opened, they come out swarming from the high hill.

⁹⁷And when the true promise has approached, eyes of the infidels; those who consciously denied the divinity of Allah and the fact that He is Rabb will pop out: “O woe to us! We surely have been unaware of/apathetic to this. Indeed we were the ones who did wrong; acted against our own good”.

⁹⁸Indeed, you and those whom you worship from among those that are inferior to Allah are the wood/fuel of Jahannah [Hell]; you will enter there.

^99,100If those whom were worshipped from among those that are inferior to Allah were gods, they would not enter there. And they all will abide there eternally. They will have a moan there. And they will not hear anything there.

^101,102Indeed, those for whom “The Best” is prepared by Us; they will be taken away far from Jahannah [Hell]. They will not hear the moaning of Jahannah [Hell]. They will abide eternally among that which their selves desire.

¹⁰³And that greatest fear will not grieve them and the harbingers of good tidings will remind them: “This is your day which you have been promised”.

¹⁰⁴When We will fold the heavens/universe like the folding of the books, as We began the first formation, We will repeat it. –as a promise given from Us- Indeed, We are the doers.

¹⁰⁵And surely, after the Reminder/Torah, We decreed, ‘Indeed, the earth will be inherited only by My righteous servants’ in the Psalms as well.

¹⁰⁶Indeed, there is definitely a message in the Qur’an which is delivered for a people who worship.

¹⁰⁷And We have sent you only as a mercy/for mercy for universes.

¹⁰⁸Say: “I am revealed that ‘Your god is the One God’. Now, are you Muslims?”.

^109-111If they turn away despite this, say: “I have explained to you straight/equally/unbiased and I do not know if that with which you are threatened is close or far. Indeed, Allah knows what is disclosed of speech and that which you conceal as well. I do not know ‘perhaps this delay is to test you and let you enjoy for a time’”.

¹¹²Say: “My Rabb! Judge among us in truth” and “Our Rabb is Allah Who shows great mercy on the earth to all living beings that He created; the One Whose help is sought against what you describe”.

ANALYSIS

¹Their account for the people has got closer. Yet they are the ones who keep away in heedlessness.

In the first verse of the surah, the Meccan polytheists who still do not take the matter seriously and continue to struggle with the revelation in great ignorance, even though their time of reckoning [death] is approaching, are discussed. In other verses of the passage, the intrigues of these polytheist elites, who mock every new revelation communicated to them, are revealed. They asked among themselves, referring to the Messenger of Allah: “Is this anything other than a person like you?” Are you now resorting to magic while you see it? They whisper and make propaganda against revelation.

Due to the first sentence of the 1st verse, “Their reckoning has come to the people”, it comes to mind: “What is the meaning of this drawing near, since although it has been about fifteen hundred years since this verse was revealed, the apocalypse has not yet come?” The question may arise. The answer to this question is extremely clear: The reckoning begins with death. Time stops for the dead person. According to God, there is no such thing as time. For the deceased, there is no difference between his own death and the end of the day.

As a matter of fact, it is stated in the Quran that during the resurrection everyone will perceive the time between death and resurrection as a very short period of time:

⁵¹And the Sur will be blown.¹²⁸ And then they will hasten to their Rabb from their graves at once.

⁵²They will say: “Woe to us! Who has raised us/waken us up from where we have been sleeping? This is that which Rahman [Allah; the One Who shows great mercy on the earth to all living beings that He created] had promised. The messengers that were sent told the truth”.

⁵³And there will be only a single scream. And then they will be “ready” before Us. ⁵⁴So no one will be treated unjustly by any means today. And you will be recompensed only for what you did.

(Ya Sin/51-54)

⁹⁹Thus We relate to you some of the important news of that which preceded. Indeed, We have given you a reminder [the Qur’an] from Ourselves. ^100-102Whoever keeps his distance from Our Reminder [the Book/the Qur’an], he will definitely bear a burden on the day of Qiyamat [Resurrection]; on that day when the Sur will be blown, in which they will abide eternally. And what a heavy burden is the day of Qiyamat [Resurrection] for them! On that day, We will gather the criminals with their eyes turned blue. ¹⁰³They will whisper among themselves: “You remained on the earth only for ‘ten days’.” – ¹⁰⁴We know better what they will speak among themselves. – Then the one who was the best in way will say: “You remained only for one day”.

(Ta Ha/99- 104)

⁴⁵And on the day when Allah will gather them, people will know each other, as if they had remained only for an hour of the day. Since those who deny that they will meet Allah are not the ones who follow the righteous path, they will definitely lose.

(Yunus/45)

⁵⁵And on the day when Qiyamat [Resurrection] will occur, the sinners will swear that they remained not more than an hour. Thus they were deluded.

⁵⁶And those who were given the knowledge and faith will say: “Surely, in the decree of Allah, you remained until the day of resurrection. This is the day of resurrection after death. But you did not know this”.

(Rum/55, 56)

Apparently, the approach of death and the approach of the apocalypse are not different things for people. This is why our Lord warned people about both the apocalypse and death:

¹The hour/the moment of the Qiyamat [Resurrection] has been brought close. And all has been made clear.

²Yet, they distance immediately if they see an evidence/a sign and say: “An ongoing magic”.

(Camer/1, 2)

¹The command of Allah will surely come. So do not hasten for it. Allah is purified from that which they associate with Him and high above them.

(Nahl/1)

^1,2The competition in increase amuses and distracts you until you enter graves.

^3,4Certainly not as you think! You will know soon. Again; certainly not as you think! You will know soon.

(Takasur/1-4)

Although death and doomsday are very close, our Lord has hidden the times of death and doomsday so that faith or denial can occur with free will and that faith is not “forced faith”.

¹¹Then, when he came to it, when he decided to remove this distress he was called: “Moses! ¹²I, it is I Who is your Rabb. So, leave the people who are close to you and your belongings here, indeed, you are in the purified valley, in Tuwa/a valley cleaned twice. ¹³And I have chosen you; then heed that which will be revealed to you; heed the ¹⁴warning of “¹⁴Surely, I am Allah Himself. There is no deity except Me. Then worship Me and establish Salah [establish and maintain the institutions that support financially and spiritually; enlighten the community] to remember Me. ¹⁵Indeed, that hour/the Qiyamat [Resurrection] will come. I will almost conceal it so that everyone may be recompensed for his work. ¹⁶So, do not let one who does not believe in Qiyamat [Resurrection] and follows his vain, transitory desire avert you from believing in Qiyamat [Resurrection]; or you will be manipulated/destroyed”.

(Ta Ha/11-16)

^63,73People ask you concerning the moment of Qiyamat [Resurrection]. Say: “Knowledge of it is only with Allah so He may punish hypocrite men, hypocrite women, the men who associate others with Allah, the women who associate others with Allah; and so He may accept the repentance of believing men and believing women. And how do you know; perhaps the moment of Qiyamat [Resurrection] is close. And Allah is very forgiving, very merciful.

(Ahzab/63, 73)

^3,4And the infidels; those who consciously deny the divinity of Allah and the fact that He is Rabb said: “The moment of Qiyamat [Resurrection] will not come to us”. Say: “Indeed it will. I swear by my Rabb Who knows the unseen, the unheard, the unfelt, the past and the future that it will come upon you to recompense those who believe and do amendatory deeds –those are the ones for whom will be the forgiveness and a remarkable provision-. Nothing in the heavens/universe and on the earth, even weighing as much as an atom, escapes from Him. All that which is smaller and bigger than this is in a clear book”.

(Sebe/3, 4)

Although the polytheists have the intelligence to understand that those who do good and evil will definitely be rewarded, they stay away from the messenger who will lead them to eternal happiness because they are caught up in the pleasures and entertainments of the world and do not think about where they will end up:

²⁰Know that the simple worldly life is nothing but a game, a passionate distraction, an adornment, boasting to one another, a competition in increase in wealth and children. –Like an example of a rain; crop that rain causes to grow pleases the farmers, then it dries and then you see it turn to yellow and then it becomes debris.-

And know again that in Akhirat [Afterlife], there will be a severe punishment for those who disbelieved; forgiveness and approval for the believers from Allah.

(Hadid/20)

As it is understood from the words ““Is this anything except a human like you? So, do you follow magic while you see?”.? Artık görüp dururken büyüye mi gidiyorsunuz?“, the Meccan polytheists could not accept the fact that the Messenger was one of them, a human being, and they constantly objected to this. However, it is a requirement of reason that the messenger coming to a human being must be a human being, and what should be astonished is their failure to appreciate this. However, the fact that the Messenger is a human being like them is a normal situation that common-sense people can accept easily and with peace of mind. Because Allah, the Most Merciful and Merciful, has chosen as a prophet a person who has the same feelings as them, who feels the same things as them, who speaks their own language, who understands them in every aspect, and who knows their degree of tolerance, as a warner and advisor. He chose someone from among them and made him an ambassador so that if they continued with their wrong attitude, this messenger would draw their attention to the disaster that awaited them and be the first among them to take on the obligations and implement the message, setting an example for the others and showing them how to find the right direction.

Explanations on this subject are made in the following verses:

^7,8And those deniers said: “What kind of messenger is he that he eats, walks in the streets? Why has not an angel been sent down to him? So it would be a warner with him! Or why has not a treasure been given to him or a garden been given to him from which he eats?”. Those who do wrong; act against their own good by associating others with Allah also said: “You only follow a man affected by magic”.

⁹Look what kind of examples they bring forward for you! Then, they have gone astray now and are not able to find a way.

(Furkan/7- 9)

²⁰Before you, We indeed sent messengers who ate, walked in bazaars. And We made some of you, a tool for trial for purification for some of you. – Will you have patience? – And your Rabb is the One Who sees very well.

(Furkan/20)

⁸And they said: “Why has an angel not been sent down to this prophet?”. Had We sent down an angel, the matter would have certainly been concluded. Then they would not have been given a respite.

⁹If We had made the prophet an angel, We would still have made him in a man shape and they would have fallen in doubt like they did anyway.

¹⁰And surely, the messengers were ridiculed before you as well. Then, that which they ridiculed surrounded those among them who ridiculed.

(An’am/8-10)

^33-38And those leaders from among the people of the messenger, who disbelieved; consciously denied the divinity of Allah and the fact that He is Rabb and denied the meeting of Akhirat [Afterlife] and to whom We had given luxury in this simple worldly life said: “This is only a human like you; he eats from that which you eat, he drinks from that which you drink. And if you obey a human like yourselves, then surely, you are the ones who lose. Does he promise you that you will definitely be brought forth when you have died and become dust and bones? That which you are threatened with is impossible! Only our simple worldly life! We die, live. And we are not the ones who will be resurrected. The messenger is only a man who invents lies about Allah and we do not believe in him”.

(Mu’minün/ 33-38)

^90-93And they said: “We will not believe in you until you cause a spring to gush out from the ground. Or you must have a garden of dates and grapes. You must cause rivers to gush forth in force between them. Or you must make the heavens/universe fall upon us in pieces as you have claimed or you must bring Allah and angels before us. Or you must have a house ornamented with gold or you must ascend into the heavens/universe. But we will never believe in your ascension until you bring down to us a book which we may learn and teach”. And say: “Purified is my Rabb from all deficiencies. I am nothing but a human messenger!”.

(Isra/90-93)

Also quoted from the polytheists: “Do you now resort to sorcery while you see it?” As can be understood from the statement, they accept that the Quran is extraordinary, but they cannot admit that it comes from God and define it as “magic”. Regarding their attitude, the late Mawdudi narrates the following events from history books:

“Muhammad b. Ishaq (152 H.H.) says: “Once, Abu Sufyan’s father-in-law and Hind’s father, Utbah ibn Rabia, told the leaders of Quraysh that he wanted to see the Prophet (pbuh) and give him advice. They said, “We trust you, “Go and talk to him,” they said. This incident took place after Hamza became a Muslim. Thereupon, Utbah went to the Prophet (pbuh) and said: “O my brother’s son, you know that before this, you were remembered with respect and you belong to an honorable family. . So why have you brought this dangerous matter to your people? By this you have caused a rift between your people, accusing your people of foolishness, belittling their religion and gods, and calling their ancestors infidels. O my brother’s son, if what you want is wealth, we will combine our wealth and make you the richest person among us. If it’s honor you want, we’ll make you our leader, our king if you want. If you cannot get rid of the disease that afflicts you, we will find the best doctor to treat you.” Utbah continued talking like this and the Prophet (pbuh) waited silently. When he finished his long speech, the Prophet (pbuh) said: “O Walid’s father, are you done with what you have to talk about? Do you have anything else to say?” asked. Utbe stated that he said what he had to say. Thereupon, the Prophet (pbuh) said: “Now listen to me!” He said and started to read the “Fussilat” sura, saying Bismillah. Utbah was listening to him as if he was fascinated. When the Prophet (pbuh) reached the 38th verse, he prostrated. Then he raised his head from the prostration and said: “O Abu’l-Walid, I told you what I was going to tell you, and you heard it. . “I have nothing else to say,” he said. When Utbe returned to his friends, they noticed the change in expression on Utbe’s face: “I swear to God, he is not the man who left here,” he said. When he approached them, they asked: “What did you do?” I swear to God, today I heard something I have never heard before. By Allah, he is neither poetry nor magic nor prophecy… O people of Quraysh, I advise you to leave this man alone. From what I heard from him, I concluded that his message would create a great revolution here. If the Arabs destroy it, you will be freed from the guilt of killing your own brother; If he prevails over the Arabs, his domination will be your domination and his honor will be your honor.” People said to him: “O Abu’l-Walid, by God, you are under his spell.” Thereupon, Utbah said: ‘I have my own opinion. “I told him. You either accept it or don’t,” he said.

Bayhaki, after narrating the above incident, adds the following: “When the Prophet (s.a.) read the verse “If they turn away, say: I warned you with a lightning like the lightning that hit the people of ‘Ad and Thamud,” Utbah put his hand over the Prophet’s (s.a.) mouth. He closed his eyes and said: “For God’s sake, have mercy on your people!”

In the same context, Ibn Ishaq narrates another incident. Once a man from the tribe of Erash came to Mecca with his camels and Abu Jahl bought his camels. When the man asked for his money, Abu Jahl dismissed him with some absurd excuses. Finally, the man came to the Kaaba and began to publicly declare Abu Jahl’s dishonor. At that time, the Prophet (pbuh) was sitting in a corner of the Kaaba. The elders of Quraysh said to the man: “We cannot help you in this matter in any way. Look, a man is sitting over there. Go to him and he will give you your money.” Thereupon, Erashi went towards the Prophet (pbuh). At that time, the leaders of Quraysh were laughing among themselves, saying: “There will be a great entertainment today.” When the man informed the Prophet (pbuh) about the situation, he immediately got up and went to Abu Jahl’s house with the man. A man was following them as a lookout on behalf of the Quraysh. The Prophet (pbuh) knocked on Abu Jahl’s door and asked “Who is he?” He replied “Muhammad”. Hearing this, Abu Jahl immediately went out. Hz. The Prophet (pbuh) said to him: “Pay this man’s money.” Thereupon, without saying anything, Abu Jahl brought the money for the camels and paid the man. Seeing this, the Quraysh scout returned to his friends, told the whole incident and said: “I swear to God, today I saw something I have never seen before. When Abu Jahl came out, Muhammad (pbuh) told him to pay the man’s money, and he did as he said, as if he was under a spell.” (Ibn Hisham vol. II, pp. 29-30)[1]

⁴Say: “My Rabb knows every word in the heavens/universe and on the earth. And He is the One Who hears best, knows best”.

In this verse, our Lord tells our prophet that the Meccan polytheists were secretly asking among themselves, “Is this anything other than a human being like you?” He orders him to say that saying “Are you turning to magic while you just see it?” will not work and that God knows everything and has informed him. Thus, by revealing that the secret plans of the polytheists will not work, morale and confidence are given to our Prophet and the believers, and the polytheists are made to panic.

The word “قالkale” at the beginning of the verse has also been read as “قلkul”. The recitation in the form of “قال kale” is the recitation of Hafs, the narrator of Hamza, Kisai and Asim. Other recitation imams read the same verb as “قلkul [Say]” with the zamme of Qaf, the hazf of Elif and the silence of Lam[2]. The same verb is written as “kul” in the copies of Medina, Mecca, Basra, Topkapi, Turkish Islamic Arts Museum and Cairo. We took the “kul” form of the verb into consideration and presented the meaning as “say”. The same issue applies to verse 112.

⁶Say: “The One Who knows the secret within the heavens/universe and the earth has revealed it. Indeed, He is the One Who forgives, shows mercy”.

(Furkan/6)

^78,79Surely, do they; those who criticize those among the believers who contribute voluntarily from sadaqa/public revenue and are unable to find except their efforts and then ridicule them, not know that Allah definitely knows their secrets and whispers and that Allah surely is the One Who knows very well all that is unknown? Allah will ridicule them. And there will be a painful punishment for them.

(At-Tawbah/78, 79)

⁵Yet they said: “These are a mixture of dreams; rather, he has invented it; rather, he is a poet. Then let him bring us an evidence/a sign like those which were sent before him”.

⁶None of the cities that We destroyed before them had believed. So now, will they?

⁷And We sent/made messenger before you only those mature ones to whom We have revealed.

If you do not know, ask the People of the Reminder/People of the Book/those who have knowledge of revelation.

⁸And We did not make those messengers dead bodies who did not eat. They were not eternal/immortal either.

⁹Then We fulfilled the promise that We had given to them. Thus We saved them and those whom We willed. And We manipulated/destroyed those who had shown the truth incomplete.

¹⁰No doubt that We have sent down to you a book in which is your reminder/honor and glory. Will you still not reason despite this?

In these verses, after explaining the obsession that had settled in the minds of the Meccan polytheists that “there cannot be and should not be a human messenger”, our Lord made explanations to both them and the people of all times regarding the mission of ambassadorship, and then directly addressed the polytheists and asked them, “Will you not come to your senses yet?” posed the question. This question is a clear warning and condemnation.

According to what is stated in verse 5, the Meccan polytheists say “These are a mixture of dreams; rather, he has invented it; rather, he is a poet. Then let him bring us an evidence/a sign like those which were sent before him”.”. This is part of their secret plan. Again, the late Mawdudi quotes the following from historical documents:

Ibn Ishaq, Tufeyl b. He reported that Amr ed-Dawsî told his experiences in his own words as follows: “I was a poet from the Devs tribe. When I went to Mecca, I was surrounded by a lot of Quraysh people who said many things about the Prophet (pbuh). So I got suspicious and tried to avoid him as much as possible. The next day, when I went to the Kaaba, I saw him making salat. Luckily, I heard a few sentences and felt that what he was reciting were words of extraordinary perfection. I said to myself: “I am a poet, a sensible young man, and not a child who cannot distinguish between right and wrong. So why shouldn’t I go up to him and ask him questions about what he’s reading?” I said. Immediately afterwards, I followed him to his house and said, “People said so many things against you that I put cotton in my ears to avoid hearing your voice. But by chance, what I heard from you today was so impressive that I found the courage to learn your message in more detail.” Thereupon, the Prophet (pbuh) recited a section from the Quran, and I became a Muslim right there and then. When I returned home, I invited my wife and father to Islam and they accepted. Then I invited my tribe to Islam. By the time of the Battle of the Trench, about 80 families from my tribe had become Muslims.” (Ibn Hisham, vol. II, p. 22-24)

According to another narration narrated by Ibn Ishaq, the leaders of the Quraysh admitted in a meeting that all the accusations against the Prophet (pbuh) were unfounded. According to Ibn Ishaq, one day Nadr b. Addressing the crowd, Haris said: “You cannot defeat Muhammad (pbuh) with these methods. When he was a young man, you considered him the most good-natured person among you and respected him as the most truthful and honorable. Now, he has reached the age of maturity and you respect him.” You say: ‘Sorcerer, soothsayer, poet, bewitched madman.’ By God, he is not a sorcerer, because we know what kind of people magicians are and what kind of tricks they use. By God, he is not a soothsayer either, because of the guesswork of us soothsayers. We are also aware of it. By God, he is not a poet, because the art of poetry appreciates that his words cannot be included in the class of poetry. By God, he is not a madman. Because we know how absurd and meaningless things the madmen say. Then, O leaders of Quraysh “Let’s find another plan to defeat him,” he said. After this, he suggested spreading stories from Iranian culture, such as Rustam and Isfendiyar, in society in order to divert people’s attention from the Quran. Thereupon, they put this plan into practice and Nadr began to tell these stories in places where people gathered. (Ibn Hisham vol. I, p.320-321)[3]

The polytheists’ requests such as “Let him bring us a sign/sign like those who were sent before” were answered as follows in another sura:

⁵⁰And they said: “Why have not evidences/signs been sent down to him from his Rabb?”. Say: “Evidences/signs are only with Allah. I am only an explicit warner”.

⁵¹And is it not sufficient for them that We have revealed to you the Book that is recited to them? There is absolutely a mercy and a reminder in this for a people who believe.

(Ankebut/50, 51)

However, it is stated many times in the Quran that even if the kind of miracles they demand are sent, the stubborn polytheists will still not believe. Moreover, the fact that they will suffer Allah’s wrath and destruction due to their denial resulting from their blind stubbornness is also a principle revealed in the Quran. The fact that our Lord did not send the kind of miracle that the Meccan polytheists wanted is, in a sense, in their favor. Because those who do not believe despite seeing miracles will be destroyed, just like the ancient tribes, in accordance with God’s law. Allah knows that the Meccan unbelievers will not believe even though they see the miracles. The fact that divine punishment did not come upon them immediately should be considered as a mercy from Allah.

²³Had Allah known that there is any good in them, He would certainly have made them hear. And if He had made them hear, they would have stayed away as the ones who turned away.

(Anfal/23)

⁵⁹And what prevented Us from sending evidences/signs; manipulate/destroy, punish with a severe punishment was that former ones denied them. And We clearly and apparently assigned Thamud the duty of establishing social support institutions but they treated unjustly because of it. And We send those evidences/signs only as a warning.

(Isra/59)

^96,97Indeed, those, against whom the Word of your Rabb²⁰² has come into effect, will not believe even if all the evidences/signs come to them altogether until they see that painful punishment.

(Yunus/96, 97)

¹⁰⁹And We sent some mature men before you as messengers to whom We revealed only from among their own people. Have they not traveled through those places? So they may see how was the end of those who passed on before them! Indeed, the home of Akhirat [Afterlife] is better for those who enter under the guardianship of Allah. Will you still not use your reason?

(Yusuf/109)

⁶This punishment is because when their messengers came to them with clear evidences, they used to say: “Will a human guide us?” and they disbelieved; consciously denied the divinity of Allah and the fact that He is Rabb and turned away. Allah has shown that He is free of need. Allah is free of need, is the One Who is the most praiseworthy.

(Taghabun/6)

⁴⁵Then, there were many cities which We manipulated/destroyed while they were doing wrong; acting against their own good by associating others with Allah. Their roofs were collapsed and walls were caved in; and how many abandoned wells and palaces reinforced with lime/concrete!

⁴⁶Have they not travelled through the earth so they might have hearts to reason and ears to hear. Indeed, it is not the eyes that go blind but, hearts which are within the chests go blind.

(Hajj/45, 46)

“EHL-İ ZİKR”

While giving an answer to the polytheists in the verse, our Lord said, “Come on, if you do not know, ask those who are ‘People of Dhikr’ [those who know the Torah].” The expression “Ehl-i Zikr” refers to those among Jews and Christians who have knowledge of the Torah. Because they knew that messengers in the past were human beings, and that only human messengers should come to humans. It was also written in his books that a prophet would come. Regarding this issue, we recommend re-reading our explanations in the Surah A’raf.

¹¹And We devastated many cities that did wrong; acted against their own good by associating others with Allah. And We made other peoples after them.

¹²And when they felt the severity of Our punishment, they fled away from it. –¹³Do not flee away, return to that in which you have been transgressing and your homes so you may be questioned.-

¹⁴They said: “O woe to us! Surely, we were the ones who do wrong; act against our own good”.

¹⁵Their call did not stop until it made them like harvested crops and quenched furnaces/ashes.

These verses explain the consequences of oppression. Cruelty [committing polytheism and making efforts to spread polytheism] is the greatest moral crime that causes disaster for societies. The scene narrated in the verses we are talking about is about the last moments on earth of the ungrateful unbelievers who committed this crime. The tyrants will surely meet with a bad end, and they will confess, “Shame on us, indeed, we were the oppressors.” However, these confessions will not be of any use, because the final regret will not be beneficial.

We made a detailed explanation about “Forced Faith” in the analysis of previous surahs. For this reason, we are content to give only the last three verses of the Surah al-Mu’min here:

⁸³And when their messengers came to them with clear evidences, they became arrogant because of the knowledge they had. But that which they ridiculed had surrounded them.

⁸⁴And then when they saw Our punishment, they said: “We have believed in Allah alone and we have disbelieved in that which we associated with Him”.

⁸⁵But their faith when they saw Our punishment did not benefit them. –Established way of Allah over His servants…- Thereupon lost the infidels; those who consciously denied the divinity of Allah and the fact that He is Rabb.

(Mu’min/83-85)

As we mentioned above, the oppression discussed in this passage is polytheism and practicing polytheism; It is not the little injustices that always exist in society. In the Quran, “cruelty” is mentioned in hundreds of verses with its different qualities. These qualities are:

Doing injustice to women, exceeding the limits of Allah, eating forbidden food, changing what Allah said with other words, slandering Allah by saying that He said what Allah did not say and issuing fatwas accordingly, forgetting the divine warnings given to them, depriving them of the blessings given to them. to be spoiled, to charge interest, to unjustly expel people from their homeland because of their beliefs, to cause corruption, to cause discord and to listen to those who cause discord, to want to see Allah, to deny the miracles manifested on the prophets and to insist on not believing in them, to not obey Allah’s invitation, to follow his prophet. not to commit sins, to slander, to listen to the devil, to lie, to follow perverts, to say that he did something he did not do, to violate the rights of others, to set traps to kill the prophets and swear an oath about it, not to judge by what Allah has sent down, to prefer disbelief to faith. Not repenting, insulting the verses of Allah, dividing the society into two, keeping one group and oppressing, exploiting and enslaving the other group.

When we look at the verses where these qualities are discussed, it is clearly understood that these actions stem from disbelief.

¹⁶And We did not form the heavens/universe and the earth and all that in between as the Ones Who play.

¹⁷If We intended to take a diversion, we would definitely have taken it from Us, if We were to do so.

¹⁸Rather, We dash the truth upon falsehood and it destroys it. Then you see that the falsehood has perished. O woe to you for what you ascribe to Allah!

In this group of verses, our Lord directs people to contemplation by explaining the truths of the universe to those who are sane. He informs the polytheists of the seriousness of the matter with the following message: “And We did not create the heavens and the earth and the things between them as players playing games. If We wanted to have entertainment, we would certainly have it from Ourselves; If We were the doers. On the contrary, We strike the truth against the head of falsehood and destroy its brain. And then you see, it [superstition] has vanished. And shame on you for the qualities you attribute to God!”

With this clear message, the superstitious beliefs of the polytheists that Allah takes spouses and children are completely rejected. It is stated that God was not looking for games or fun in creating the universe, and that if He wanted to have fun, He had the power to provide it on His own, without the need to create any being.

⁴If Allah had intended to take a child, He would definitely have chosen from what He forms whoever He wills. He is purified from this. He is the One and the Only, the prevailing Allah.

(Zumer/4)

³⁸And We did not create the heavens/universe and the earth and that which is between them as the Ones Who play.

³⁹We formed both of them only in/with truth. But most of them do not know.

(Dukhan/38, 39)

²⁷And We did not form the heavens/universe, the earth and that is between them without a purpose. That is the assumption of the infidels; those who consciously deny the divinity of Allah and the fact that He is Rabb. Woe to those infidels; those who consciously deny the divinity of Allah and the fact that He is Rabb because of the fire of Jahannah [Hell]!

(Sad/27)

^190-194There are many evidences/signs in the formation of the heavens/universe and the earth and in the alternation of the night and the day surely for those who remember Allah while standing, sitting and lying on their sides; those who are able to comprehend, who give thought to the formation of the heavens/universe and the earth: “O our Rabb! You did not form this without a purpose; purified are You from all deficiencies. Protect us from the punishment of the Fire! O our Rabb! Indeed, whomever you admit into that fire, You have surely disgraced him. And there will be none from helpers either for those who do wrong; act against their own good by associating others with Allah. O our Rabb! Surely, we have heard a caller inviting, “Believe in your Rabb!” and immediately believed. O our Rabb! Forgive our sins and remove our evil deeds and remind us that which we did in the past and that which we failed to do while being obliged to/take our lives with “the righteous people”. O our Rabb! Bestow us that which You have promised upon the messengers, do not disgrace us on the day of Qiyamat [Resurrection]. Indeed, You do not break Your promise”.

(Al-i Imran/190-194)

In these verses, where the doctrine of Tawhid is stated, it is emphasized that everything on earth and in the heavens belongs only to Allah, and that no one is stray or belongs to anyone else, and those who are in His presence are praised. Those who are described with the phrase “those who are in His presence” are those who know Him well, messengers and scholars. Our Lord says that these people are not arrogant about serving Allah [they do not become arrogant and avoid serving Him]; It states that they perform their duty of worship to Him tirelessly, with enthusiasm and with great pleasure, and that they constantly shout that Allah is free from flaws.

¹⁷²The Messiah and the angels that have been brought close [Forces which those who believe in Jesus believe that they helped Jesus] never disdain to be a servant of Allah. And whoever disdains to be a servant to Him and acts arrogantly, let him know that He will soon gather them to Himself, ^{Az-Zalzalah/1-3}when the earth is shaken with its own tremor, the earth discharges its burdens and man says, “What is happening to this earth?”. ^{Az-Zalzalah/4-6}On that day, the earth will definitely report all its news one by one because its Rabb has commanded to itself. That day, the people will come forth in groups so their deeds may be shown/so they may see their deeds.

^{Az-Zalzalah/7,8}And whoever does an atom’s weight of good, he will see it; and whoever does an atom’s weight of evil, he will see it.

(Nisa/172ve zilzal p.)

^7-9And those who carry the greatest throne²⁵⁶ and those who are from the outer side of the greatest throne²⁵⁷ purify their Rabb from all deficiencies with the praise of their Rabb and believe in Him. They ask forgiveness for those who believe: “Our Rabb! You have encompassed everything in mercy and knowledge. Therefore forgive those who have repented and followed your path and protect them from the punishment of Jahannah [Hell]! Our Rabb! Admit them and those who are righteous from among their ancestors, spouses and families to the gardens of Eden which you promised them. Indeed, You are the One Who is the most exalted, the most powerful, the most honorable, the invincible/the subduer, the best law maker, the One Who precludes corruption best/makes incorruptible. And protect them from the evil as well. And whomever You protect from the evil, you will indeed show mercy upon him on that day. This is what is the great salvation”.

(Believer/7-9)

²¹Or have they taken some deities from the earth and they will give life to/resurrect them?

²³Allah, Rabb of the throne is not responsible for what He does but they will be responsible.

²⁵And We did not send any messenger before you except that We revealed to him: “The truth is that there is no god but Me. Therefore, worship me”.

In this group of verses, it is emphasized that the polytheists adopted some gods, and that it is illogical, that such perversions have existed since the past, and that our Lord sent messengers to societies to dissuade these false beliefs.

In the 21st verse, with “resignation of disbelief”, “Or have they taken some gods from the earth and will they bring them to life [resurrect them]?” was asked. This means, “they have not taken gods who have the power to resurrect.” Asking questions in a way that evokes this meaning is aimed at degrading the so-called gods and condemning the polytheists.

The content of the verses invites human beings to think about monotheism. Our Lord shows thinking people the rational basis of the belief in monotheism by reminding them that the presence of more than one god in the universe will result in the disruption of order in it. As expressed by the saying that there is no “order” in a house where there is “order” [two women], it is inevitable that chaos, not order, will prevail in a place where there are two independent rulers.

³⁶And surely, We sent to every community a messenger, “Worship Allah and avoid Taghut”. Then Allah guided some of those communities to the righteous path but for some of them, going astray was decreed. Then travel through the earth and observe how was the end of those who denied!

(An-Nahl/36)

^91,92Allah has not taken any child; and there is no deity with Him. Otherwise, every deity would have taken that which it had formed and would definitely overcome others. Purified is Allah Who knows the unseen, the unheard, the unfelt and the obvious, from that which they describe. And He is high above that which they associate with Him.

(Mu’minun/91, 92)

⁴⁵And ask those We sent before you of Our messengers; research, think, explore! “Have we made deities to be worshipped from among those that are inferior to Rahman [Allah; the One Who shows great mercy on the earth to all living beings that He created]?”.

(Zukhruf/45)

⁵¹And Allah commanded: “Do not take two deities. He is the only god. Then be an ideal person only for Me”.

(Nahl/51)

So, can it be thought that there are two or more gods? What happens if duality or multiplicity of deities is assumed? On this subject, we are quoting the fourteen-item response of the late Razi, which is given verbatim in his books İlm-i Kalam:

14 OTHER EVIDENCES OF Tawheed

1- According to this evidence, which is the strongest, it can be said as follows: If we accept that there are two beings that are necessary due to their essence, then they must have common existence. Again, each of them must be distinguished from the other by itself [without the need for anything external]. However, the thing by which commonality is achieved is different from the thing by which difference is made. Thus, each of them becomes a being composed of things in common with the other and things by which it is distinguished from the others. However, every single being is in need of its parts, parts of which are different from itself. Therefore, every single being is in need of someone else. Every being that is dependent on someone else is also a possible being by its very nature; Consequently, what is inherently necessary becomes inherently possible, which is a “hulf”. Therefore, only Allah is the necessary entity. Apart from Him. Everything else is a possible existence and is in need of Him. However, what is dependent on someone else for its existence is a creation. Therefore, anything other than Allah is a creation. It is possible to accept this evidence as the interpretation of this verse. Because we believe that it is necessary. We have pointed out with evidence that if two existent beings are assumed, neither of them will be necessary, and if there is no necessity, none of the possible beings will increase, and in this case, “corruption” will be necessary. Thus, in the case of two gods, It becomes certain that corruption will occur throughout the world.

2- If we accept the existence of two gods, then each of them must have commonality with the other in divinity. In this case, each of them must be distinguished from the other due to something. Otherwise, duality is not mentioned. Therefore, the thing with which difference and selection occur is either an attribute of perfection or it is not. If this is the attribute of perfection, the [party] that does not have this attribute will be far from the attribute of perfection. Thus, it becomes embroidery. If it is defective, it cannot be god. No, if this consideration is not taken into account in divinity, it is not necessary to be characterized by it. Thus, this requires an allocator. Then, this means that the one who is allocated with this becomes dependent on someone else.

3- It can also be said like this: If we assume that there are two gods, there must be a difference between them to distinguish them from each other. However, in our opinion, this difference only occurs in terms of either space, time, being necessary or possible. All of this is impossible about God. Thus, it becomes impossible to find any otherness.

4- One of the two gods is either sufficient to govern the universe or not. If it were sufficient, the second would be unnecessary and unneeded, which is a deficiency. What is incomplete cannot be a god.

5- Reason requires that created beings need an agent. There is no impossibility for a single agent to be the ruler of the whole world. But as for the agents and agents who can be considered to be beyond this One; In this regard, there is no difference between any number and another: This leads to the conclusion that infinite numbers occur, which is impossible. Therefore, it is impossible to conclude that there is more than one god.

6- One of the two gods may or may not be able to allocate to himself an evidence that indicates himself and does not indicate anyone else. The first is impossible. Because the evidence that points to the Creator can only be provided by muhdes. However, there is no evidence that would indicate the emergence of converts rather than the other one. The second is also impossible, because it leads to the conclusion that He is incapable of introducing and revealing Himself. However, someone who is helpless cannot be a god.

7- One of the two gods may or may not be able to hide any of his actions from the other. If he is able, then the party from whom it is kept secret becomes ignorant. If he cannot be powerful, he must be incapable.

8- If we assume that there are two gods, the sum of their powers will be stronger than the power of each of them alone. But the power of each is finite. The total is the folded form of finite powers. Therefore, all of them are finite.

9- Number is incomplete because it needs one. One, which has a number less than its kind, is incomplete. Because the number is more than one. And that which is deficient cannot be a deity. Therefore, God is absolutely one.

10- If we assume that there is a non-existent being whose existence is possible, and then we assume that there are two gods, then if one of them cannot create the non-existent being whose existence is possible, then each of them is incapable. The incapable cannot be a god.

If one of them is omnipotent and the other is not, then the one who is omnipotent becomes a god. If both of them are omnipotent, then they have either created it in cooperation, in which case it means that each of them is dependent on the other’s help. But if each of them alone is capable of inventing it, and one of them invented it, then the second one continues to be capable of inventing it, which is impossible. Because it is impossible to reinvent what already exists. If the other one does not continue to be able to invent it, then the first one has erased the power of the second one and rendered him incapable, so that he is crushed under its control. Therefore, it cannot be a god. In this case, if he says, “When the One invents what he is going to create, his power is removed from him. In that case, you should say that he is incapable,” we say: When he creates what he is going to create, he has power, and his power is transferred to him. And the passing of power cannot be incapacity. But as for the one, when his power takes effect, there is absolutely no power left for his partner. On the contrary, his power is nullified because of the power of the first. And there is incapacitation of the other party.

11- We can express this argument in another way: Let us take a certain object and say: Can one of the two deities be able to cause movement in that body and the other to cause rest, or vice versa? If they cannot, then they are incapable. If they are capable, then we direct the evidence to this point: When one of them initiates motion in a body, it is impossible for the second one to create rest in it. In this case, the first one erases the power of the second one and renders it incapable. Thus, he cannot be a god. These two forms of explanation express incapacity in relation to the power of both. The first explanation also expresses incapacity in relation to the will of both.

12- When both gods know all knowledge, then the knowledge of each of them becomes the knowledge of the other. Thus, the two knowledges must be equivalent, and the one who accepts one of the two equivalences accepts the other equivalence. Therefore, allocating an attribute to each of them, when it is possible for each of them to be qualified by the other through a price, requires that each of them should have a benefactor who allocates this attribute to each of them through his knowledge and power. Thus, each of them becomes a poor, needy and incomplete creature.

13- In this world, partnership is considered “imperfection and deficiency” and solitude and self-sufficiency are considered “perfection”. As a matter of fact, we see that kings in this world avoid partnership as much as possible in their simple and finite sovereignty. Again, we observe that the greater the power of the ruler, the greater his aversion to partnership. How then can you be convinced about the property and the angelic realm of Allah, the Exalted, the Exalted? Therefore, if one of them wants to allocate this majesty to himself alone, and he does so, then he is poor and incapable, and thus cannot be a god. If he could not do that, then he would be extremely sad and hateful, so he cannot be a god.

14- If we assume that there are two gods, then either each of them is in need of the other, or each of them is independent of the other and not in need. Or one of them is in need of the other and the other is not in need of it. In that case, you see, if it is the former, then each of them is deficient. If the latter happens, each of them becomes something that is not needed. And that which is not needed is incomplete. If a town has a mayor and a ruler, and the people of that town do their own affairs without any recourse to that mayor, that mayor is considered incomplete and deficient. But the divine is the one who is benefited from and cannot be depended upon. If one of them is dependent on the other without the other being dependent, then everyone who is dependent becomes a servant and the one who is dependent on him becomes a god. Know that all of these explanations are only speculative and intended to persuade. What is essential is the previous explanations.[4]

Verses 24 and 25 show that the beliefs of the polytheists were not based on any rational or empirical evidence, and that all of them, from the first prophet to the last, were told, “There is no god but me. Therefore, worship me.” It is emphasized that it was revealed to them.

¹⁴⁸Those who associate others with Allah will say: “Had Allah willed, we would not have associated, our ancestors would not have either and we would not have forbidden anything”. Those before them were like this until they tasted Our punishment. Say: “Is there a knowledge with you that you can produce for us? You follow only assumption and you only do nonsense”.

(En’am/148)

²⁰And they said: “Had Rahman [Allah; the One Who shows great mercy on the earth to all living beings that He created] willed, we would not have worshipped them”. They have no knowledge of this. They are just inventing.

²¹Or have We given them a book before this so now they cling onto it?

(Zukhruf/20, 21)

After focusing on the rational evidence of the belief in Tawhid, this passage also condemns the polytheists who say, “The Merciful One has adopted a child.” These polytheists were involved in polytheism by saying and believing that “they are our intercessors, they will bring us closer to Allah, they will take away our sins” about the beings that they claimed were children of Allah. In the passage, the belief in polytheism is strongly criticized by giving the message that these servants deified by the polytheists are actually respectable servants who do not claim divinity, and that no being has or can claim divinity.

In classical sources, it is stated that the reason for these verses to be revealed was a community in Mecca:

This verse was revealed about the people of Khuzaa because they said, “Angels are the daughters of Allah.” They were worshiping angels in the hope that the angels would intercede for them.[5]

This verse was revealed about the Huzaa Tribe. Because they said, “Angels are the daughters of Allah” and as Allah Almighty points out in the verse, “(They) invented a kinship between Him [Allah] and the jinns (Saffat/158)”, Allah created relatives with the jinn through marriage. They added that it was.[6]

We believe that the believers mentioned in this passage are Jews and Christians. We do not know what kind of beliefs the small tribes on the coast had at that time. What we know is that these beliefs we learned from Doğru Haberci belong to the followers of the Jewish and Christian religions.

³⁰And the Jews said: “Uzair [Ezra] is son of Allah”. And the Christians said: “Messiah is son of Allah”. These are the words from their mouths and with this, they imitate the saying of the infidels; those who consciously deny the divinity of Allah and the fact that He is Rabb who had lived before. Allah fought them. How are they deluded!

(Tevbe/30)

⁷²Surely, those who say: “Allah is the Messiah, son of Mary” have certainly become infidels; the ones who consciously deny the divinity of Allah and the fact that He is Rabb. Yet the Messiah said: “O Israelites! Worship Allah, my Rabb and your Rabb. Surely, whoever associates others with Allah, Allah will definitely make Jannah [Heaven/Paradise] haram/forbidden to him and his abode will be the Fire. And there will be no one from helpers for those who do wrong; act against their own good by associating others with Allah, by disbelieving”.

(Maidah/72)

^116-118And when Allah said: “O Jesus, son of Mary! Was it you who told people: ‘Take me and my mother as two gods from among those that are inferior to Allah’?”. Jesus said: “Purified are You, it is not suitable for me to say that which is not true. If I had said it, You would have surely known this. You know what is within myself, but I do not know what is within Yourself. Surely, You are the One Who knows best the unseen, the unheard, the unfelt, the past and the future! I only said to them what You had commanded me; ‘Worship Allah Who is my Rabb and your Rabb’. And as long as I was among them, I was a witness over them. But when you took my life; reminded me that which I had done in the past and what I had failed to do while being obliged to, then You became the One Who observes them. And indeed, You are the witness over all things. If You should punish them, they are definitely Your servants and should You forgive them, indeed You are the One Who is the most exalted, the most powerful, the most honorable, the invincible/the subduer, the best law maker, the One Who precludes corruption best/makes incorruptible”.

¹¹⁹Allah will say: “This is the day when their truthfulness will benefit the truthful. There are the gardens of Jannah [Heaven/Paradise], underneath of which rivers flow for them as the ones who will abide therein eternally”. Allah is pleased with them and they are pleased with Him. This is the greatest attainment.

(Maide/116-119)

The word “intercession” in the expression “And they cannot intercede for anyone other than those with whom He is pleased” in the passage that is our subject means intercession and assistance in the world. Details on this subject are given in the Surah An-Najm.

³¹And We made firm stakes within the earth so it may be a table for you/it may be suitable for agriculture. And We made many paths there so they may find the paths they are guided.

³²And We made the sky a protected ceiling. Yet they are the ones who keep their distance from the Ayat of the sky.

³³And He is the One Who formed the night, the day, the sun and the moon. They all float in an orbit.

In this group of verses, the polytheists who close their eyes to the truth and ignore the truth are condemned and are told: “And those who disbelieved, did they not see that the heavens and the earth were joined together, but We separated them [those two] and made everything that had life from water? Despite this, do they still not believe? They are invited to make observations and research. As a result of research and observation, it will be understood that Allah is free from partners. Because all the evidence obtained through research and observation shows that there is a very remarkable order in the universe. If there were more than one god, there would never be such an order and order in the universe.

The passage also mentions a few of the proofs of God’s power in the universe: These are the separation of the heavens and the earth while they were still adjacent, the creation of every living thing from water, the setting up of solid stakes in the earth so that it could be a table for living creatures, and plenty of roads there so that people can find their way. making the sky a protected ceiling; Evidence such as the creation of night, day, the Sun and the Moon, and their floating in an orbit. With these evidence, attention is drawn to the divine laws that maintain order in the universe. Everyone who studies these laws proves the existence and unity of Allah; He knows that he does not have and cannot have a partner.

¹¹Then He established His dominion²⁶⁰ in the heavens/universe while it was smoke and said to it and the earth: “Come, willingly or unwillingly!”. And both of them said: “We have come willingly”.

(Fussilet/11)

⁴¹Indeed, it is Allah Who holds the heavens/universe and the earth from ceasing. Surely, if the heavens/universe and the earth should cease; no one can hold them after Him. Truly, He is the One Who forbears much, forgives much.

(Fatir/41)

²⁵And again, among His evidences/signs is that the heavens/universe and the earth stand by His command. And when He calls you from the earth with a single call, you will see that you will be brought forth.

(Rum/25)

⁶⁵Have you not seen/thought about that Allah created what is on the earth in such structure so you may benefit and the ships that flow through the sea by His command? And it is He Who restrains the sky from falling without His permission/knowledge. Indeed, Allah is very compassionate, very merciful to the people.

(Hajj/65)

²⁵⁵Allah is the One except Whom there is no deity, He is ever living, the One Who sustains everything, protects, the One Who is the living and the One Who governs the entire universe. Neither drowsiness overtakes Him nor sleep. All that is in the heavens/universe and on the earth is for Him. Who is the one who can help, intercede with Him without His permission/knowledge? He knows that which is before and after them. Yet they can not comprehend anything of His knowledge other than what He wills. His throne and knowledge encompass the heavens/universe and the earth. Protection of both is not difficult for Him. And He is the most sublime, the One Who exalts, the supreme.

(Baqara/255)

We have mentioned the scientific explanations about some of these laws in the analysis of the previous suras.

In line with the Quran, there is very detailed information in scientific and technical books about topics that come to our attention for the first time, such as “the earth and the sky were once adjacent to each other”, “every living thing was created from water” and “the preservation of the sky”. These issues are indicators that the Quran is the true book, that is, they are miracles. In verses Fussilet/52, 53, it is stated that such miracles will be performed to prove that the Quran is the true book and that it comes from God himself.

The infidels mentioned in this passage are not the infidels who were contemporaries of the Prophet, but those of later periods; for example, the infidels of our age. The Quran is universal and undoubtedly addresses all times. At the time when the Quran was revealed, the words “The earth and the sky were once adjacent”, “every living thing was created from water” and “the preservation of the sky” mentioned in the verse were not known and could not have been known with the possibilities of that time. These facts have come to light in our age.

As it is known, it is stated in our Quran that the universe was created in six phases and that human beings were created in the most beautiful of these six phases. According to scientists’ findings, one of these six phases is the phase in which the universe is a single mass. Then this mass was divided into pieces. Thus, a single mass turned into galaxies and solar systems over billions of years, and these gradually turned into stars, planets and their satellites, and finally the planets, including our Earth, which is the satellite of the sun, cooled down and took their current shapes.

In short, the universe; The earth and the heavens were once a single contiguous mass. Later, God separated them and made them separate entities.

³⁴And We did not grant to any man eternity before you either. So, if you die, are they the ones who live eternally?

³⁵Every creature with an identity will taste death. And We test you with evil and good to purify you. And you will be returned only to Us.

In this group of verses, our Lord conveys what was happening around the Messenger of Allah. The polytheists were waiting for the death of our Prophet or wanted to kill him. In these verses, where their expectations and wishes are answered, we are reminded of the strict law that our Lord has set for living beings: Everyone is mortal; No one will remain in the world forever. There is no one who has stayed and waited from the past to the present. All have been returned to Allah.

This verse also rejects the concept of “Khidr”, which has entered among Muslims under the influence of foreign cultures.

^26,27Everyone upon the earth will perish. And only Rabb Himself, owner of majesty and possessor of bounty will remain.

(Rahman/26; 27)

The following information is included in the “Esbab-ı Nüzul” records about the revelation of the verses that are our subject:

This verse was revealed when the polytheists said, “We are waiting for the calamities of death to come upon Muhammad.” Because the polytheists deny that he is a prophet and say, “He is a poet. We expect him to suffer the scourges of death. “Maybe he will die just like the poet died in so-and-so’s sons,” they said. Thereupon, Almighty Allah said: “The prophets before you have died. Allah Almighty took it upon himself to make his religion victorious and protect it. This is how we will protect your religion and sharia.”[7]

In the 35th verse, it is stated, “And We will afflict you with evil and good, so as to cause discord.” As it is understood from here, our Lord tests people not only with troubles and troubles, but also with abundance and wealth. With this, our Lord reveals whether people will be spoiled with wealth, abundance and health, and whether they will be horny or not.

^164,165Say: “Should I seek for another Rabb other than Allah while Allah is Rabb of all things?”. Whatever anyone earns belongs only to himself. The one who bears his burden does not bear the burden of another. Then, only to your Rabb will you be returned. Thus will Allah inform you about that over which you differed. And He is the One Who has made you the successors of those who left on the earth and raised some of you above others in degrees so He may test you with what He has given you. Indeed, your Rabb is fast in penalty and indeed, He is the One Who forgives much, shows great mercy.

(An’am/164, 165)

⁷Indeed, We made what is on the earth, that which is adornment for it so We may test the people as to which of them will be better in deeds.

(Kahf/7)

In this verse, where the rudeness of the polytheists is described, it is stated that they ridiculed the Messenger of Allah who came to them, just as the previous nations ridiculed the messengers who came to them. This mocking attitude of the polytheists is also mentioned in other verses:

^41,42And when they see you, they do not do anything except ridicule you: “Is this the one whom Allah has sent as the messenger? If we had not insisted on believing in our gods, indeed, he would almost have led us astray from our gods”. And when they see the punishment soon, they will know who is more astray in way!

(Furkan/41, 42)

³²Indeed, messengers before you were ridiculed too. And I gave respite to the infidels; those who consciously deny/disbelieve in My divinity and the fact that I am Rabb. Then I seized them, and how was My punishment!

(Ra’d/32)

Also En’am/10, Hijr/10, 11, Enbiya/41 and Zukhruf/6–8. This issue, which is also mentioned in the verses, is included in the Surah Humaza, together with the fate of the mockers, in more detail.

The persistence shown by the unbelievers in their own religion was explained with the following statements in the Surah Sad:

^6,8And the chiefs among them walked forth: “Insist on your gods and do not turn away from your decision, word. This is truly what is expected from you. We have not heard this in the latest/another religion, this is only an invention. Has the Reminder/the Book been revealed upon him among us?” –Rather, they have insufficient knowledge about My reminder/the Qur’an, rather, they have not tasted My punishment yet.–

(Sad/6-8)

³⁷Man was formed of haste. I will soon show you My signs. Now do not ask me to hasten.

³⁸And those who deny say: “If you are truthful, when is this promise?”.

⁴⁰And this punishment will come to them unexpectedly and bewilder them. They will not be able to repel it and they will not be given respite.

⁴¹And indeed, many messengers before you were ridiculed so, that which they ridiculed surrounded those who mocked among them.

In the first verse of the passage, the “hastiness” inherent in human psychology is highlighted and it is stated that “Humans were created from haste.” The message intended to be conveyed by this is not that man was created from a substance called “hurry”, but the fact that haste is in man’s nature and that man is very hasty. Because of this feature in his nature, human beings want to see the apocalypse, the apocalypse, heaven and hell immediately, and when they do not use their minds and listen to the divine message, they cannot properly evaluate what kind of fate this haste leads them to. Man can only control this weakness in his nature by listening to the divine message. Our Lord has placed many psychological mechanisms in human nature to balance each other. Just as he can balance the trait of stinginess with “spending, sharing”, just as he can balance the trait of ungratefulness with “gratitude” by paying for the blessings given to him, he can also balance the trait of haste with “contemplation” and keep his heart open to the divine message.

¹¹And man invites evil as he invites good. And man is very hasty.

(Isra/11)

Even though human beings act hastily, the plan and program are not in line with their wishes. Everything is tied to a calendar. When their time comes, everything will happen, and they will be surprised.

⁵³And they ask you to hasten the punishment. If there had not been an end of a specified/predetermined term, punishment would definitely have come to them. And that punishment will indeed come to them suddenly while they do not perceive.

^54,55They ask you to hasten the punishment. Surely, Jahannah [Hell], on the day when it will cover them from above and from beneath their feet, it will surround the infidels; those who consciously deny the divinity of Allah and the fact that He is Rabb. And He will say: “Taste what you did!”.

(Ankebut/53- 55)

^24,25And when they saw it as a wide cloud coming to their valley, they said: “Aha! This is a cloud that will bring us rain!”. Nay, rather, it is that which you were asking to be hastened; a wind that destroys everything by the command of its Rabb, within which is a painful punishment… And then they became so that nothing was seen except their dwellings. Thus We recompense people of sinners.

(Ahqaf/24, 25)

¹⁸⁷They ask you about the Hour; about the moment the Qiyamat [Resurrection]: “When will it arrive?” Say: “Its knowledge is with my Rabb only. No one will reveal its time except Him. The knowledge of it is heavy in the heavens/universe and the earth/it is unknown. It will come upon you unexpectedly”.

(Araf/187)

¹⁰Have they not travelled across the earth? So they might see how the end of those before them was. Allah destroyed them. And similar ones are for these infidels; those who consciously deny the divinity of Allah and the fact that He is Rabb.

(Muhammad/10)

^48-51On that day, the earth will be replaced with another area and the heavens/universe as well so Allah may recompense every self for what it has earned. And they will come out for Allah, the One and the Only and the prevailing. On that day, you will see the criminals bound in shackles. Their shirts will be of pitch and the fire will cover their faces. Indeed, Allah is the One Who is swift in account.

(Ibrahim/48-51)

In verse 39, “If only these disbelievers knew the time when they will not be able to keep the fire from their faces and backs, and they will not be helped!” By commanding, the form of torment that will befall the polytheists is stated and they are warned.

^14,16Say: “I worship Allah by purifying my religion only for Him. Despite this, you, worship what you will from among those that are inferior to Him”. Say: “Surely the real losers are the ones who will make themselves and their families and the ones who are close to them lose on the day of Qiyamat [Resurrection]”. –Be careful! This is what is an explicit loss. They will have layers of fire above them and layers below them. By that threatens Allah His servants: O my servants! Enter under the guardianship of Mine.-

(Zumer/14-16)

⁴⁰Ways of abundance, happiness will not be opened for those who deny Our Ayat and are arrogant towards them, and they will not enter into Jannah [Heaven/Paradise] until a camel/a noose passes through the eye of a needle. Thus We recompense the criminals. ⁴¹Beds from Jahannah [Hell] and coverings over them will be for them. And thus We punish the tyrants.

(A’raf/40,41)

^94-96Now, declare what you are commanded and keep your distance from those who associate others with Allah. Surely, We are sufficient for you against those who take another deity along with Allah, those who ridicule. They will know soon.

⁹⁷Surely, We know that your heart is constrained by what they say.

^98,99Then purify from all deficiencies with the praise of your Rabb, be among those who submit and worship your Rabb so “the certain knowledge” may come to you!

(Hijr/94- 99)

⁴³Or are there some deities for them who protect them from Allah from among those that are inferior to Us? Those fake deities are not able to help themselves. And they are not supported by Us.

In the first verse of the passage, the question asked from our Prophet to the polytheists is “Who can protect you from the Most Merciful at night and during the day?” The question actually conveys the message that polytheists will never be able to escape from Allah. Because the only answer that can be given to this question of “resignation of denial” is “No one can protect you from God’s punishment.”

With the statement “Actually, they are the ones who turn away from the remembrance of their Lord” in the continuation of the same verse, the polytheists are condemned for adopting some useless gods and not taking advantage of them despite being given many opportunities and respite.

“… Who can protect from the Most Merciful?” As understood from the expression “day and night” in the verse, what is pointed out is the punishments that the polytheists may face while they are in the world, such as being killed, maimed, enslaved, and impoverished.

Our Lord made a serious warning in the last verse of the passage: “Well, do they not now see that We have come to the earth and reduced it from its surroundings?”

The expression “reduction of the earth from its surroundings” contains many meanings. Our Lord constantly makes some reductions; It drags the earth towards a certain point through processes such as killing, impoverishing, making sick, and destroying it through storms, earthquakes and other disasters. This is the destruction and collapse plan that our Lord set for the universe. This process, in which a continuous countdown continues, in which our Lord gradually reverses the current order and will blow the final whistle when the time comes, points to the blowing phase of the first Trumpet.

²⁴Say: “If your fathers, sons, brothers, spouses, relatives, your people, wealth which you have obtained, business which you fear decline, residences you like are more beloved to you than Allah, His Messenger and striving in His path, then wait until Allah executes His command. And Allah does not guide a people who have gone astray from the righteous path.

(Tevbe/24)

¹⁵⁸Do they wait for anything except that angels should come or your Rabb should come or some of the evidences/signs of your Rabb should come? On the day when some of the evidences/signs of your Rabb will come, the faith of the one who has not believed before or has not earned any good through his faith, will not benefit him. Say: “Wait; surely we are the ones who also wait”.

(An’am/158)

⁴¹And have they not seen that We come upon the earth, reduce it from its borders? Allah judges. There is no one to prevent His judgement. And He is the One Who is swift in accounting.

(Ra’d/41)

There is detailed information in science and technical books about the features indicated by these verses.

According to scientists’ theories, which were later proven; While the Earth was forming and was still in a very hot and molten state, while its upper part cooled a little in the deep freeze of space and formed a thin crust over the past millions of years, a Mars-sized planet or planetoid mass approached the Earth at an angle and hit it, just like a knife takes the top of an orange. shaved and removed from the world. These pieces of the Earth, which were reduced and fragmented and dispersed into space, adhered to each other over time with the power of gravity and formed the Earth’s satellite, the MOON. The proof of this is as follows:

Iron and Nickel are heavy elements and therefore they collapsed from the outside to the inside in large amounts and formed the core of the earth, but remained in the crust to a much lesser extent than the core.

When astronauts went to the moon and brought moonstones and rocks back to earth as samples, they saw in various analyzes that the amount of iron was even less than the earth’s crust. Because it has been understood that the structure of the planet that hit the earth was also transferred to these stones. The Moon did not break away from the Earth (if it did, it would have the same iron content), it was formed from particles scattered into space and removed from the Earth as a result of the collision of the Earth and another planet. Scientists have found this through computer animations and mathematical calculations, and this theory is now accepted… Almighty Allah created the moon by subtracting from the earth and connected them to each other to form the necessary life.

Attached you will find the photographs I took from the relevant documentary.

YouTube address of the documentary: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ys5hmBkyvag

At the end of verse 44, “Are they then the ones who prevail?” It is emphasized that Allah is always victorious in his command.

²¹Allah has written: “Indeed, I and My messengers will prevail”. Indeed, Allah is the One Who is competent over everything, the most exalted, the most powerful, the most honorable, the invincible/the subduer.

(Mücadile/21)

⁷O you who have believed! Should you help Allah, He will help you and set your feet firm. ⁸As for those who deny, destruction will be upon them and Allah will waste their work. ⁹This is definitely because they disliked what Allah revealed. And Allah has made their deeds worthless.

(Muhammad/7, 9)

⁴He is the One Who sent down to the hearts of the believers the feelings of trust and tranquility/morale which pacify the heart so they would increase in faith along with their faith. Armies of the heavens/universe and the earth belong only to Allah. And Allah is the One Who knows best, the One Who is the best law maker.

(Fetih/4)

Ve Al-i Imran/139, Mümin/51, Yusuf/21, En’am/34, Ahkaf/27.

⁴⁵Say: “I warn you only with the revelation”. The deaf do not heed the call when they are warned.

⁴⁶And indeed, if a whiff from the punishment of your Rabb touches them, they will definitely say: “O woe to us! Indeed we are the ones who have done wrong; acted against our own good”.

In these verses, the Messenger of Allah is commanded to say that he warned them with revelation, even though they were hostile to revelation, and on the other hand, it is pointed out that the general attitude of the polytheists who turned a deaf ear to revelation would be negative. Our Lord wants them to come to their senses by warning them of the torment that will befall them in the hereafter because of their negative attitudes.

What should be understood from the statement “I warn you only through revelation”, which the Prophet was commanded to say, is this: Whatever our Prophet did in the name of religion, he did it in accordance with revelation, and all of the warnings he made were made through revelation. Therefore, whoever will say something in the name of religion should definitely say it from the Quran. Every practice carried out in the name of religion should be based on revelation and should not be anyone’s own delusion.

^2-4An Arabic Qur’an; a book that has been sent down by Allah Who shows great mercy on the earth to all living beings that He created, Who is the possessor of vast mercy as a harbinger of good tidings and a warning for a people who know, whose Ayat have been explained in detail/divided into divisions! Most of them kept their distance despite this. They do not heed anymore.

⁵And they said: “Our hearts are within a cover for that which you invite us, and in our ears is a heaviness and there is a curtain between you and us. Then you, do what you can, indeed we do”.

(Fussilet/2- 5)

⁹³And who can do more wrong; act more against his own good than the one who invents a lie about Allah or says “I have been revealed” even though he has not been and says “I will also reveal like what Allah revealed”? If only you could see those who do wrong; act against their own good by associating others with Allah when they are in violence of death and when authorities in charge extend their hands to them saying: “Discharge your souls. Today, you will be recompensed with an humiliating punishment for you have told lies about Allah and acted arrogantly towards His Ayat!”.

(An’am/93)

¹¹⁶And do not say, “This is halal/permissible, this is haram/forbidden” to invent lie about Allah with the untruth of your tongues. Indeed, those who invent lie about Allah will not succeed.

(Nahl/116)

Hakka/43-47, Kâf/45, Mâide/67, En’am/145.

In the last verse of the passage that is our subject, the expression “little scales” is used. “Kıst” means “deserved share”. This means that our Lord will give everyone what they deserve without oppressing them. The reason why they are called “scales of justice” rather than “scales of justice” can be explained as some of the deeds of the polytheists will not be put on the scales, and the believers will be given ten to one, seven hundred to one, or an unlimited amount if Allah wishes. If there were scales of justice, everything would have to be exactly the same.

Since an explanation was previously given regarding the words “Kıst” and “Justice” in the analysis of Yunus/4, we recommend that the details be read there.

Additionally, the following verses regarding “evaluation of deeds” should be taken into consideration: (Kahf/49, Lokman/16, Zilzal/7, 8, Nisa/40, A’râf/8, 9, Kehf/105, Müminun/101-108, Hadid/25, Shura/17, Rahman/7, 8.

⁵⁰And the Qur’an is a blessed reminder that We have sent down. Now, are you the ones who do not introduce it, who prevent it from being known?

In the previous passage, the need to give advice and warn about revelation was emphasized. In these verses, the revelations and advice given in the past and the book given to Moses and Aaron are mentioned, and it is once again reminded that this is a manifestation of our Lord’s mercy, and it is stated that the Quran is also an advice sent down by Him.

In the verses, the common features of all revelations sent by Allah, such as “discriminating truth from falsehood [Furqan]”, being a “light” to find the right path, and being “advice” to warn those who make mistakes, draw attention.

The word “الفرقانFurkan” is derived from the root “فرق difference” meaning “to separate two things” and has the same meaning as the word “فارقةfarika”. Considering its common usage, the words tefrik, firak, firkat, firka, tefrika, ferik, which are derivatives of the word “difference”, are used for concrete things [mahsusat]; It is seen that the words “فارقاتfarikat”, “فاروق Faruk” and “الفرقان furkan” are used for abstract things [makulât].

“Furqan”, which is said to have been given to Prophet Moses in Baqara/53 and Anbiya/48, was also given as a name to the Quran because it functions to distinguish between abstract things, truth and falsehood, faith and disbelief, beauty and ugliness, good and evil. The title “Faruk” given to Caliph Ömer was due to his ability to distinguish between right and wrong.[8]

44Surely, it was We Who sent down the Torah in which was a guidance to the righteous path and a light. Prophets who were Muslims judge for the Jews by it, and those who have devoted themselves to Allah and rabbis judge by that which they were entrusted of the book of Allah and that over which they witness. Do not fear humans in awe and respect, fear Me in awe and respect. And do not sell My Ayat for a price. And whoever does not judge by what Allah has revealed; they are the ones who are the infidels; they are the ones who consciously deny the divinity of Allah and the fact that He is Rabb.

(Maide/44)

⁵³And when We gave Moses that book and the Furqan so you might follow the righteous path you had been guided.

(Baqara/53)

In line with this common purpose of revelation, past prophets are mentioned starting from these verses: