70. SURAH AN-NAHL [THE HONEY BEE] – Presentation of Islam and Quran

INTRODUCTION

Surah Nahl was revealed in the 70th place in Mecca and took its name from the word “النحلnahl [honey bee]” in the 68th verse. It is also known as the “نعامNiam [Blessings]” sura because it reminds us of many of the blessings that Allah has bestowed on His servants.

There are reports that verses 41, 90, 106, 110, 112, 126-128 of the Surah are Medinan[1].

In the surah, the principles that have been formed in religion since the first revelation; Basic belief topics such as monotheism, revelation, the institution of embassy, apocalypse, resurrection after death and resurrection are summarized; Additionally, personal and social principles, the situation of the polytheists, warnings and good news are included. The sura, which contains dozens of verses regarding the existence and unity of the Creator, is also a summary of the previous suras with its rich content. In the 125th verse of the surah, where the framework of the invitation method to Islam is drawn, it is commanded to invite the Messenger of Allah and all believers in his person to the path of Allah with wisdom and good advice, and to be patient against the difficulties and persecutions that will be encountered in this process, and to adopt the most appropriate style and attitude.

MEANING:

¹The command of Allah will surely come. So do not hasten for it. Allah is purified from that which they associate with Him and high above them.

²Allah sends down harbinger Ayat/revelations to whom He wills of His servants as His own affair with a soul/spirit, with the duty: “Warn that surely, there is no deity except Me, then enter under the guardianship of Mine”.

³Allah formed the heavens/universe and the earth with the truth. He is high above that which they associate with Him.

⁴Allah formed man from a drop of semen. Then you see that he is an explicit enemy.

⁵It is He Who formed livestock. There are things which warm you and many benefits in them. And you eat some of them as well.

⁶And in livestock is a beauty for you when you bring them in the evening and release them in the morning.

⁷And livestock carry your loads to lands where you can only arrive only by exhausting a part of yourself/being so tired. Indeed, your Rabb is very compassionate, very merciful.

⁸And Allah formed horses, mules and donkeys so you may ride them and they may be your assets. And it is He Who forms that which you do not know.

⁹Only upon Allah is the right path. And among the various paths are those deviating. And if Allah had willed, He would have guided you entirely to the righteous path.

^10,11He has sent down a water from the sky for you. Your drinks are from it. And foliage which you pasture the animals are from it. With water, Allah makes grow crops, olives, dates, grapes and all kinds of fruits for you. Indeed, there is certainly an evidence/a sign in this for a people who contemplate.

¹²And Allah has given to your service the night, the day, the sun and the moon/created them in such characteristics so you may benefit. All the stars are under His command. Surely, there are evidences/signs in this for a people who use their reason.

¹³He has given to your service that which He created for you on the earth of varying colors. Indeed, there is an evidence/sign in this for a people who remember.

¹⁴And He is the One Who gave the sea to your service so you may eat fresh meat from the seas and seek for provision from His bounties to retrieve the ornament which you wear and repay for the blessings you are given. –You see the ships plowing through the seas.-

^15,16And Allah set in the earth mountains standing firm and rivers so they might be table for you and paths and many other evidences for you so you might find the righteous path you are guided. And they find their path with stars/with the divisions of the Ayat of the Qur’an.

¹⁷Then, is the One Who creates/Allah like so-called gods that are not able to create? Will you still not think?

¹⁸And if you were to count the favors of Allah, you could not. Indeed, Allah is the One Who removes the sins of His servants, does not punish them and has much forgiveness, the One Who is the possessor of vast mercy.

¹⁹And Allah knows what you conceal and what you disclose.

^20,21And that which they invoke from among those that are inferior to Allah can not form anything, they were formed, they are dead, they are not alive. And they do not know for sure when they will be resurrected.

²²And your God is the One God. And as for those who do not believe in Akhirat [Afterlife]; their hearts work for preventing it to be known and they are the ones who think highly of themselves.

²³There is no doubt that Allah knows what they conceal and disclose. Indeed, Allah does not like those who think highly of themselves.

^24,25And when it was said to them: “What has your Rabb sent down?”, they said, “Legends of the former ones” so that they may bear their own sins in full and also bear a portion of the sins of those whom they led astray because of their ignorance on the day of Qiyamat [Resurrection]. Be careful, how evil is that which they bear!

²⁶Indeed, those before them had plotted and Allah hit their walls from their foundations. Then the roof fell upon them from above them. And the punishment came to them from where they could not perceive.

²⁷Then, on the day of Qiyamat [Resurrection], Allah will disgrace them and say: “Where are My partners for whom you opposed?”. Those who were given knowledge will say: “Indeed, today, disgrace and evil are upon the infidels; those who consciously deny the divinity of Allah and the fact that He is Rabb”.

²⁸Those who consciously deny the divinity of Allah and the fact that He is Rabb are the ones whom angels remind one by one what they did in the past and what they failed to do while being obliged to as being those who treated unjustly to themselves. They will surrender now: “We did not do any evil”. Rather, Allah is the One Who knows very well what you have been doing.

“²⁹Then enter to the gates of Jahannah [Hell] as the ones who will abide therein eternally!”, it will be said. O how evil is the abode of the arrogant!

^30-32And when it is said to those who have entered under the guardianship of Allah: “What has your Rabb sent down?”, they will say: “Good”. Good is for those who produce good in this world. Yet, the home of Akhirat [Afterlife] is certainly better. And how beautiful is the home of those who have entered under the guardianship of Allah; gardens of Eden! They will enter there. Rivers flow underneath it. For them will be therein that which they wish. Thus recompense will Allah those who have entered under the guardianship of Himself. Those who have entered under the guardianship of Allah are the ones whom angels will comfort and remind one by one what they did in the past and what they failed to do while being obliged to. And they will say: “Salam [health, peace, happiness…] be upon you! Now enter Jannah [Heaven/Paradise] as the recompense of the deeds you have done!”.

^33,34Do they expect anything other than that natural forces will come to them or the command of your Rabb will come to them? Those before them did like this too. And Allah did not treat them unjustly yet they treated themselves unjustly by associating others with Him, they did wrong; acted against their own good. Therefore, recompense of what they did eventually hit them. That which they ridiculed surrounded them.

³⁵And those who associate others with Allah said: “Had Allah willed, we and our ancestors would not have worshipped anything from among those that are inferior to Him and we would not have taken sacred from among anything that is inferior to Him”. Those before them had done like this. Then, is there upon the messengers except a clear conveyance?

³⁶And surely, We sent to every community a messenger, “Worship Allah and avoid Taghut”. Then Allah guided some of those communities to the righteous path but for some of them, going astray was decreed. Then travel through the earth and observe how was the end of those who denied!

³⁷Even though you strive so they may follow the righteous path, Allah will not guide to the righteous path those whom He has led astray. There will be none from the helpers for them either.

^38,39And the infidels have sworn with their strongest oaths that “Allah will not resurrect one who is dead”. No, Allah will resurrect the dead as a true promise that He took upon Himself so He will make clear to them that over which they differed and show that those who concealed the truth are the ones who are the liars. But, most of the people do not know.

⁴⁰When We intend something, Our word to it is only that We say, “Be!”. And it immediately is.

^41,42And those who emigrated for the cause of Allah after they were treated unjustly; We will definitely settle those who had patience and relied only on Allah in this world in a good way. But the reward of the other/Akhirat [Afterlife] is greater. If only they knew!

^43,44And We sent before you as well the mature people only to whom We revealed as messengers with clear evidences and written scriptures. If you do not know, ask scholars who know the Torah and the Bible. We have revealed to you the reminder/the Qur’an so you may make clear that which has been sent down to them, so they may contemplate.

^45-47Then, do those who plot evil deeds in secrecy feel secure that Allah will not cause the earth to swallow them or punishment will not come from where they do not know or Allah will not seize them while they travel, -and they will not incapacitate Him- or He will not seize them gradually/in fear? Then, indeed your Rabb is very compassionate, very merciful.

⁴⁸Have they not seen/thought about those things which Allah formed. Their shadows turn from right to left, submitting to Allah while they are humble?

^49,50And living creatures and the forces of the nature that are in the heavens/universe and on the earth submit to Allah without arrogance. They fear their Rabb Who is superior to them and do that which they are commanded.

⁵¹And Allah commanded: “Do not take two deities. He is the only god. Then be an ideal person only for Me”.

⁵²Only to Him belongs that which is in the heavens/universe and on the earth. And the religion always belongs to Him. Do you make yourself enter under the guardianship of anyone other than Allah despite this?

⁵³And whatever you have as good is from Allah. Then when a harm touches you, you immediately seek refuge only in Him.

^54,55And when He removes the harm from you, a group among you associate others with their Rabb to disbelieve; conceal/be ungrateful for what We have given. –Now enjoy! But you will know soon.-

⁵⁶And those who associate others with Allah assign share from that which We have given them as provision for that which they do not know. –By Allah, you will definitely be questioned for that which you have been inventing.-

⁵⁷And they attribute daughters to Allah. –Purified is Allah from this- And for them are sons that they desire.

⁵⁸And when one of them is given the good tidings of a birth of a daughter, his face becomes dark with anger.

⁵⁹He hides himself from his people because of the ill of the good tiding/news he has been given; should he keep the daughter despite humiliation and scorned or should he bury her into the ground? Be careful! How evil is their judgment/tradition!

⁶²And they attribute to Allah that which they dislike. And their tongues continuously say in vain that the best belongs to them. Indeed, there will be only fire for them and they will be thrown first.

⁶⁰For those who do not believe in Akhirat [Afterlife] is the same of the evil. The most exalted example belongs to Allah. He is the One Who is the most exalted, the most powerful, the most honorable, the invincible/the subduer, the best law maker, the One Who precludes corruption best/makes incorruptible.

⁶¹And if Allah were to question and recompense people for their wrong deeds, He would have left no creature, small or large, on the earth. But He defers them until a predetermined term. And when the end of their term comes, they will neither be postponed for an hour nor will they be advanced.

⁶³By Allah, We indeed sent messengers to some peoples before you then satan made their deeds attractive to them. And this day, satan will be their familiar who protects, guides. There will be a painful punishment for them.

⁶⁴And We have revealed the Qur’an to you, only so that you may make clear for them that over which they have differed and as a guidance, a mercy for a people who will believe.

⁶⁵And Allah has sent down a water from the sky and revived the earth with it after its lifelessness. Indeed, there is an evidence/a sign in this for a people who listen.

⁶⁶Surely, there is a lesson for you in goat, sheep, camel and cattle as well. We make you drink a pure milk what is between the excrement and blood within their bellies, palatable to those who drink it.

⁶⁷And We make you drink from the fruits of date palms and from grapes –and you take drinks and a good provision from it-. Indeed, there is definitely an evidence/a sign in this for a people who use their reason.

^68,69And your Rabb inspired to the honey bee to take homes/nests among the mountains, trees and in the roofs they make, then ‘eat from all the things that trees carry, such as fruits, flowers, moss, resin’ and enter the paths your Rabb has made easier’. From their bellies emerge a drink, varying in colors, in which there is a healing for people. Indeed, there is definitely an evidence/a sign in this for a people who give thought.

⁷⁰And Allah is the One Who formed you and then He will take your lives; will remind you one by one what you did in the past and what you failed to do while being obliged to. Some among you are made to reach to the most deprecit age of the life so they may not know anything after the knowledge. Indeed, Allah is very knowledgeable and very competent.

⁷¹And Allah favored some of you over others in provision. Those who are favored over others do not distribute their provisions; their foods and drinks, wealth equally to those who are under their protection in accordance with the contracts. Then, do these consciously cover up the favor of Allah?

⁷²And Allah made spouses from yourselves for you and bestowed sons and grandchildren from those spouses. He has provided for you with that which is pleasant, nice and beneficial. Yet, do they believe in falsehood and cover up the favor of Allah?

⁷³And they worship that which does not possess and is unable for anything as a provision for themselves from the heavens/universe and the earth from among those that are inferior to Allah.

⁷⁴Then, do not put forth similarities to Allah. Indeed, Allah knows, you do not.

⁷⁵Allah has presented the example of a slave who is under the possession of another one and is not able to do anything, and the one for whom We have provided a good provision, who spends secretly and openly from it for the cause of Allah/provides sustenance for his relatives: Can they be equal? –All praise is to Allah; no one else may be praised.- Rather, most of the people do not know.

⁷⁶And Allah has presented the example of two men: One of them is dumb, he is not able to do anything; he is a burden to his protector. Wherever he sends him, he can not bring good. Then, can this man and the one who commands with justice while he is on the righteous path be equal?

⁷⁷And the unseen, the unheard, the past and the future of the heavens/universe and the earth belong only to Allah. And the moment of Qiyamat [Resurrection] is just like a blink of an eye or it is closer. Indeed, Allah is the One Who is competent over everything.

⁷⁸And Allah brought you forth from the wombs of your mothers while you knew nothing and gave you hearing, sight and intellect so you may repay for the blessings you are given.

⁷⁹Have they not looked at the birds/clouds which are under a command in the space of the sky? No one except Allah holds them. There are indeed evidences/signs in this for a people who believe.

⁸⁰And Allah has made a peace and rest from your homes for you. And He made for you from the hides of the animals homes and made you have tools to furnish and enjoyment from their wool, furs and hair for a time.

⁸¹And Allah has made shadows for you from what He formed and made shelters for you from mountains. He has made garments that will protect you from heat-cold and made garments that will protect you from your own rage. Thus Allah completes His blessings upon you so you may be Muslims.

⁸²And if they turn away despite this, upon you is only an explicit conveyance.

⁸³They know the favor of Allah, then they deny it. Most of them are infidels; those who consciously deny the divinity of Allah and the fact that He is Rabb.

⁸⁴And on the day when We will bring a witness from every community, the infidels; those who consciously deny the divinity of Allah and the fact that He is Rabb will not be allowed. And they will not be asked to excuse.

⁸⁵And when those who do wrong; act against their own good by associating others with Allah see the punishment, it will not be lightened from them and they will not be given respite.

⁸⁶And when those who associate others with Allah see that which they have been associating, they will say: “O our Rabb! These are those who are our partners whom we invoked from among those that are inferior to You”. And the partners whom they associated with Allah will immediately say them their word: “Indeed, you are certainly liars”.

⁸⁷And on that day they will submit to Allah. And that which they invented will depart from them and perish.

⁸⁸Those who disbelieve; consciously deny the divinity of Allah and the fact that He is Rabb and avert from the path of Allah, We will increase them in punishment over punishment for the corruption they caused.

⁸⁹And on that day, We will send a witness, in every community, from among them against them. And We will bring you as a witness over these infidels. And We have sent down to you this book as clarification of everything and as a guidance, a mercy and harbinger of good tidings for the Muslims.

⁹⁰Indeed, Allah commands justice, doing good deeds and giving to people; traveling paupers –who have been expelled out of their homes and deprived of their wealth while seeking for the gifts and acceptance of Allah, and they help Allah and His messenger. He forbids immorality, evil deeds and transgression. He reminds you so you may reason and take lessons.

⁹¹And when you make a covenant, fulfill the covenant of Allah/the promises you have given to Allah. And do not break your oaths/covenants after you ensure your oaths/covenants and take Allah as a witness over you. Indeed, Allah knows the deeds that you do.

⁹²Do not be like woman who untwisted her thread after it was made strong, by taking your oaths as tool of deception among yourselves because a community is more numerous than another community. Indeed, Allah tests you with this. On the day of Qiyamat [Resurrection], He will surely make clear to you that over which you differed.

⁹³If Allah had willed, He definitely would have made you one community. Yet Allah leads astray whomever He wills and guides whomever He wills to the righteous path/Allah leads astray whoever wills and He guides whoever wills. And surely, you will be questioned/held responsible for all that you did.

⁹⁴And do not use your oaths as tools to cause corruption/chaos among yourselves. Then, foot slips after having been firm and you would taste the evil for you have gone astray from the path of Allah. And the great punishment is for you.

⁹⁵And do not sell the covenants of Allah/promises that are given to Allah for a price. And if you should know, what is with Allah; it is better for you.

⁹⁶What is with you will end but what is with Allah is everlasting. And We will definitely give to those who are patient their reward with much better than what they do.

⁹⁷And whoever does good deeds, whether female or male, We will make her/him live a good life. And We surely will give them their reward with much better than what they do.

⁹⁸Therefore, when you have learned and taught the Qur’an, seek refuge in Allah from Iblis [the ability that comes to mind immediately, which is not reached by giving thought, that invents unfounded ideas which would devastate you].

^99,100Indeed, Iblis has no compelling authority over those who have believed and rely only on their Rabb. His compelling authority applies only to those who take him as their familiar who helps, guides, protects and those who associate others with Allah/who associate others with Allah because of Iblis/who associates Iblis with Allah.

¹⁰¹And when We have brought another Ayah in place of an Ayah –despite Allah being the One Who knows better what He has revealed- they said: “You are nothing but an inventor”. Truly, most of them do not know.

¹⁰²Say: “Allah has sent it; what He has revealed, down in truth as a principle of Allah [Ruh al-Qudus, Holy Spirit] which revitalizes the society from your Rabb to make those who believe stronger, firmer/cling and as a good tiding and a guidance for the Muslims.

¹⁰³And We certainly know that they say: “Only a human is teaching him”. Language of the one whom they refer to teach the prophet is foreign. But, the Qur’an is in explicit Arabic.

¹⁰⁴Surely, those who do not believe in the Ayat of Allah; Allah will not guide them and a severe punishment will be for them.

¹⁰⁵Only those who do not believe in the Ayat of Allah invent a lie. And they are the ones who are the liars.

¹⁰⁶Whoever disbelieves; denies the divinity of Allah and the fact that He is Rabb after his belief, -except for one who is forced by oppression while his heart is secured in faith- and opens his heart to disbelieve; not to believe, then Allah will be displeased with them. A great punishment will be for them as well.

¹⁰⁷This is because they prefer worldly life over Akhirat [Afterlife] and that Allah surely does not guide people of infidels; those who consciously deny the divinity of Allah and the fact that He is Rabb to the righteous path.

¹⁰⁸They are the ones over whose hearts, ears and eyes Allah has sealed. They are the ones who are apathetic, careless and unaware.

¹⁰⁹Surely, there is no doubt that it is they who will be the losers in Akhirat [Afterlife].

¹¹⁰Indeed, Your Rabb is for those who emigrated after being harmed then strove and had patience. Then, after this, your Rabb is definitely very forgiving, very merciful.

¹¹¹On that day, everyone will come pleading for his own self and all will be recompensed fully for what they did. And they will not be treated unjustly.

¹¹²And Allah presented a city as an example: That city was safe and peaceful and its provision was coming there from every location in abundance. Yet they became ungrateful for the blessings of Allah. And Allah made them taste garb/disaster of hunger and fear for what they had done and produced.

¹¹³And surely, a messenger came to them from among themselves then they denied him. Thereafter, punishment seized them while they did wrong; acted against their own good by associating others with Allah.

¹¹⁴Then eat halal/permissible and pure of that which Allah has provided for you. And repay for the blessing of Allah; if you should worship only Him.

¹¹⁵Allah has made haram/forbidden to you only carcass, blood, the flesh of swine and anything that is dedicated for anyone other than Allah. And whoever is forced without desiring and transgressing, let him know that Allah is the One Who removes the sins of His servants, does not punish them and has much forgiveness, the One Who is the possessor of vast mercy.

¹¹⁶And do not say, “This is halal/permissible, this is haram/forbidden” to invent lie about Allah with the untruth of your tongues. Indeed, those who invent lie about Allah will not succeed.

¹¹⁷Their earning in this world is little enjoyment. And there will be a painful punishment for them.

¹¹⁸We also forbade to the Jews that which We have told you [carcass, blood, the flesh of swine]. And We did not treat them unjustly. Yet they treated themselves unjustly by associating others with Allah.

¹¹⁹Then your Rabb is surely for those who have committed sin out of an ignorance, then repented and corrected after this. Indeed, your Rabb is the One Who forgives much and shows great mercy after this.

^120,121Surely, Abraham was a community by himself who submitted to Allah, had turned away from the faith of associating others with Allah and repaid for the blessings of Allah. And he was not among those who associated others with Allah. And Allah chose him and guided him to the straight path.

¹²²And We bestowed Abraham good in the world. And surely, he will be among the righteous in Akhirat [Afterlife].

¹²³Then We have revealed to you: “Follow the religion/lifestyle of Abraham who had turned away from disbelief; conscious denial of the divinity of Allah and the fact that He is Rabb, from associating others with Allah and who was not among those who associated”.

¹²⁴The Sabbath; the day of Contemplating, was appointed only upon those who differed over the Sabbath/the day of contemplating. And indeed, on the day of Qiyamat [Resurrection] your Rabb will judge among them over that which they differed.

¹²⁵Invite to the path of your Rabb with the laws, rules and principles that are set forth to prevent injustice, corruption and chaos and with a good reminder! And strive against them in the best way. Indeed, your Rabb is the One Who knows best those who have gone astray from His path and He is the One Who knows best those who follow the righteous path they are guided.

¹²⁶And if you are to punish, punish with an equivalent of that with which you have been punished. And if you have patience, it is definitely better for those who have patience.

¹²⁷And you, have patience! Your patience is only by Allah. Do not grieve for them! Do not be in distress because of the plots that they conspire!

¹²⁸Indeed, Allah is with those who have entered under the guardianship of Himself and those who are the ones who do good deeds.

ANALYSIS

¹The command of Allah will surely come. So do not hasten for it. Allah is purified from that which they associate with Him and high above them.

The surah responds to the warnings of the Prophet Muhammad by asking “when was that promise?” It begins with this verse, in which the unbelievers are warned and it is emphasized that Allah is free from what they associate with others. “Allah’s command has come [it will definitely come]. “Don’t rush and ask for it anymore,” he told the polytheists, “The command of Allah [death, doomsday, afterlife] that you consider far away or ignore” is at your door, it is very close, it is about to come; “Do not rush.”

The following information is provided in classical sources about the reason for the revelation of the verse:

It is reported that, “The Hour [Doomsday] has approached. When the verse “The moon was split [in two] (Qamar/1)” was revealed, the unbelievers said among themselves: “He claims that the Doomsday is approaching. Therefore, stop some of the (bad) things you are doing. Let’s see what will happen together.” But when the apocalypse did not come immediately, they said, “We did not see anything of what you threatened us with.” Thereupon, the verse “The day of reckoning for the people has approached (Anbiya/1)” was revealed. For this reason, the unbelievers began to tremble and fear, waiting for those days to come. But when those days did not come, they said, “O Muhammad, we could not see any trace of what you threatened us with.” Thereupon, the verse “Allah’s command has come” was revealed. Hz. The Prophet (pbuh) knelt down and when the people raised their heads, the phrase “Do not desire it before its time” was revealed in the verse.[2]

The Meccan polytheists were coming up with an allusion against what was promised to them. These have been explained many times:

³¹And when Our Ayat were recited to them, they said: “We have listened, and if we willed, we could say something like this too. This is nothing but legends of ancient people”.

³²And once, they said: “O our Allah! If this is the truth itself that has come from You, then rain upon us stones from the sky immediately or give us a very painful punishment”.

³³But Allah would not punish them while you are among them. And Allah would not punish them as long as they ask forgiveness.

(Anfal/31-33)

⁵³And they ask you to hasten the punishment. If there had not been an end of a specified/predetermined term, punishment would definitely have come to them. And that punishment will indeed come to them suddenly while they do not perceive.

^54,55They ask you to hasten the punishment. Surely, Jahannah [Hell], on the day when it will cover them from above and from beneath their feet, it will surround the infidels; those who consciously deny the divinity of Allah and the fact that He is Rabb. And He will say: “Taste what you did!”.

(Ankebut/53-55)

Ve En’am/57, 58, Yunus/50, 51, Şuara/204- 208, Saffat/176, 177.

Producing arguments against what was promised to them was not an attitude unique to the Meccan polytheists. This was also the style of the polytheists and infidels of the past. We see their common feature in detail in Al-Kahf/55 and Ahkaf/21-28.

In the last sentence of the verse that is our subject, “He [Allah] is exalted and exalted above what they associate with Him”, the things that are stated to be associated with Allah are false gods that people have acquired. These false gods may be people’s own desires, property, women or girls, or other beings to whom they are passionately attached, or they may be statues named Lat, Menat, Uzza and Hubel, as in the Arabs of ignorance, or statues such as Vedd, Suva, Yagus, Yeük and Nesr, dating back to the time of the Prophet Noah. There may also be idols. In addition to those known in the lands where the Quran was revealed, false gods acquired in other parts of the world are also included in this. For example, the Olympian gods in Ancient Greece and Rome, Zeus, Apollo, Artemis; These include the Moon, the Sun and other celestial bodies, which were considered gods in ancient Mesopotamian civilizations, natural beings that were considered gods by African and American Indians, and angels, demons and prophets who were deified from time to time throughout human history. History has witnessed periods when some people, religious scholars, and even some state administrators who once lived as righteous servants were deified.

In this group of verses, which begins with this verse and continues until the 24th verse, the material and spiritual blessings that God has bestowed on humans are listed, and attention is drawn to the means that facilitate the life and livelihood of human beings and to a number of verses that prove the existence and unity of Allah in the universe. With this, our Lord has revealed that He is above the understanding of the polytheists. For this purpose, our Lord enumerated His attributes and declared that fake gods and lords do not and cannot have these attributes and characteristics.

In the 2nd verse, which is our subject, attention is drawn to the greatest blessing our Lord has given to people, revelation. The following points are emphasized in these verses:

Allah gives the duty of ambassadorship to whomever He wishes. He Himself chooses the person He will choose as an ambassador and makes him an ambassador. There is no involvement or influence of anyone in this.

^75,76Allah chooses messengers from among the harbinger Ayat and from among the mankind. Indeed, Allah is the One Who hears best, sees best, He knows that which is between their hands and behind them. And all matters will be returned only to Allah.

(Hajj/75, 76)

¹²⁴And when an Ayah came to them, they said: “We will never believe until we are given like what was given to the messengers of Allah”. Allah knows better where He gives the duty of prophethood. A humiliation before Allah and a severe punishment will touch those who committed crimes for what they conspired.

(An’am/124)

³²Are they the ones who distribute the mercy of your Rabb? It is We Who have distributed their livelihood among them in this simple worldly life. We have raised some of them above some of others in degrees so they may make use of one another for service. And the mercy of your Rabb is better than that which they accumulate.

(Zukhruf/32)

^2,3He is the One Who has sent a messenger from among the people of the Mother City/Meccan, who is among them and who recites the Ayat of Allah to the people of the Mother City and those who have not yet joined them, who purifies them, teaches them the book, the laws, rules and principles that are set forth to prevent injustice, corruption and chaos. –Even though they were in an explicit astray before.- And He is the One Who is the most exalted, the most powerful, the most honorable, the invincible/the subduer, the best law maker, the One Who precludes corruption best/makes incorruptible.

⁴Sending a messenger is a bounty of Allah He gives to whom He wills. And Allah is the possessor of great bounty.

(Friday/2-4)

The descent of the angels:

The verse mentions that Almighty Allah sent down angels along with the spirit to some of His servants. The “servants” mentioned here are ambassadors. The angels He sent down to them are the revelations He sent down to these messengers. This subject was previously discussed in detail in the Surah Qadr.

Sending revelation is a work unique to Allah:

Our Lord does not use an intermediary in revelation; He himself imparts his revelation to the heart of his messenger. It is also understood from other verses that the revelation took place in this way:

¹⁵He is the One Who raises the degrees, the owner of the greatest throne/position: He places the revelation which is from His own command/His own affair to whomever He wills of His servants to warn about the day of meeting.

(Believer/15)

^52,53Thus We have revealed to you the soul/the Qur’an which is of Our own command/affair. You did not know what the book was, what faith was. But We made it a light/soul with which We guide from whomever We will of Our servants. Without a doubt, you also guide to a straight path; the path of Allah for Whom those in the heavens/universe and on the earth are. So open your eyes! All matters return only to Allah.

(Shura/52, 53)

Purpose of revelation:

It is understood from the expression ” Warn that surely, there is no deity except Me, then enter under the guardianship of Mine ” in the verse that the purpose of the revelation is to inform and teach that “there is no god but Allah”. From the first prophet to the last prophet, from the first book to the last book, they were all sent for the same purpose:

²⁵And We did not send any messenger before you except that We revealed to him: “The truth is that there is no god but Me. Therefore, worship me”.

(Anbiya/25)

^1-4Alif/1, Lam/30, Ra/200.²⁰³ This Qur’an is a book, which contains the laws, rules and principles/that is prevented from being corrupted in order to ensure that you worship none other but Allah; only worship Allah, and to prevent you from doing wrong; acting against your own good by associating others with Allah and to prevent chaos; which is explained in detail by the One Who is the best law maker, the One Who precludes corruption best/makes incorruptible, the One Who knows best inner/hidden sides of everything: “Indeed, I am a warner and the bringer of good tidings for you from Him. And ask your Rabb for forgiveness and repent to Him so He may let you enjoy until the end of a predetermined term. And so that He may give bounties to every person who has the virtue. And if you turn away, I fear the punishment of a great day which is against you. Your return is only to Allah. And He is the One Who is competent over everything”

(Hud/1-4)

¹⁹²And surely, this clear book is sent down by Rabb of all universes.

^193-195The Trustworthy Soul [divine messages, trustworthy knowledge] descended into your heart in an explicit Arabic language so you may be of those warners with that explicit book. ¹⁹⁶And indeed, the Trustworthy Soul [divine messages, trustworthy knowledge] was certainly in the books of those before you.

(Shuara/192-196)

Ve Ya Sin/69, 70, Shura/7, Furkan/1, Naziat/45, Mümin/15.

There are hundreds of verses regarding this subject.

³Allah formed the heavens/universe and the earth with the truth. He is high above that which they associate with Him.

In this verse, it is emphasized that the universe was created with “truth”. What the “reality” in question is is better understood when the following verses are taken into consideration:

^19,20Have you not seen/thought about that Allah formed the heavens/universe and the earth in truth. If He wills, He will take you away and bring a new formation. This is not difficult for Allah.

(Ibrahim/19)

⁷³And He is the One Who formed the heavens/universe and the earth in truth. And the day He says, “Be!”, it immediately is. His word is the truth. On the day when the Sur will be blown, the dominion and ownership of everything is His as well. He is the One Who knows what is hidden and what is disclosed. He is the One Who is the best law maker, the One Who precludes corruption best/makes incorruptible, the One Who knows inner/hidden sides of everything well.

(An’am/73)

⁵He is the One Who made the sun a shining light and the moon a reflected light and determined phases for the moon so that you may know the numbers and the count of the years. Allah formed this only in truth. He explains the Ayat in detail for a people who will know.

(Yunus/5)

Ve Ankebut/44, Hijr/85, Rum/8, Zumer/5, Duhan/38, 39, Casiye/22, Ahkaf/3, Teğabün/3, Zariyat/23, Hakka/51.

The reality mentioned in these verses is that “these are temporary; is “durable”. Everyone who looks at the universe, observes and investigates understands this fact, that these things are temporary and that they will disappear after they expire.

⁴Allah formed man from a drop of semen. Then you see that he is an explicit enemy.

In this verse, our Lord describes man as a drop of sperm [Nutfah; It means the despised liquid and the fertilized egg in it; There is a zygote] created by; While explaining that despite this, man forgets this and becomes hostile to God, he draws attention to both the evidence of his own existence and the ungrateful nature of man. Although it is God Himself who brought man from a very lowly and worthless position to a very respected position, human beings become spoiled by expecting miracles from themselves and relying on temporary blessings, thus adopting an ungrateful attitude towards their Lord. This situation was previously expressed in the Surah Ya Sin:

⁷⁷And has that person not seen that We formed him from a drop of semen/a drop of water/liquid, and now he is an explicit enemy?

⁷⁸And he has presented for Us an example, not considering his own formation: He said: “Who will resurrect those bones? While they are decomposed!”.

^79,80Say: “The One Who formed them the first time will resurrect them. And He is the One Who knows every formation very well. He is the One Who made fire/oxygen from a green tree for you. Now, you burn oxygen.

⁸¹Is the One Who formed the heavens/universe and the earth, not the One Who possesses the power to form many more like them? Yes, indeed, He is! And He is the One Who forms perfectly, knows very well.

⁸²Indeed, when He intends a thing, His command/affair is to say to that thing “Be!” and it immediately is.

(Ya Sin/77–82)

When a person becomes an enemy to his Lord, it means not accepting the messengers sent by Allah and the messages conveyed by these messengers, and as a result, denying that he is responsible to Allah by denying the fact that he will be resurrected after death. People of this nature are very willing to deny the apocalypse and resurrection and try to reveal their hostility with their actions at every opportunity. While they did this openly during the time of the Prophet Muhammad, their representatives today attempt to do the same hostility with insidious methods, often using scientific jargon:

^15-17And they say: “This is nothing but explicit magic. Will we really be resurrected when we have died and become dust, bones? And our ancestors before us as well?”.

(Saffat/16)

^51-53A speaker among them will say: “Surely, I had a contemporary/close companion who used to say, ‘Are you surely one of those who confirm? Will we really be recompensed when we have died and become dust, bones?’”.

(Saffat/51- 53)

^2,3But they wonder that a warner has come to them from among themselves; and the infidels; those who consciously deny the divinity of Allah and the fact that He is Rabb said: “This is an amazing thing! When we have died and have become dust? This is a distant return.”

(Kaf/2, 3)

Ve Sajdah/10, Isra/49, Isra/98, Believer/35.

It has been emphasized many times [Kahf/37, Hajj/5, Mü’minun/13, 14, Fatır/11, Mü’min/67, Necm/46, Kıyamet/37, Insan/2, Abese/19] that human beings were created from sperm. In addition, the following verse reminds man why he was created and succinctly informs him of what he will face if he becomes an enemy to his creator:

⁵Therefore, let man see from what he was formed; ^6,7he was formed starting from an ejected liquid which emerges from between backbone and breastbone; “estrogen” and “testosterone”.

^8,9No doubt that, the Creator is the One Who is able to return him on the day when all secrets are put forth. ¹⁰Then there is neither any power for him nor any helper.

(Tariq/5-10)

5He created the animals. They contain things that will warm you and many benefits. You also eat some of them.

⁵It is He Who formed livestock. There are things which warm you and many benefits in them. And you eat some of them as well.

⁶And in livestock is a beauty for you when you bring them in the evening and release them in the morning.

⁷And livestock carry your loads to lands where you can only arrive only by exhausting a part of yourself/being so tired. Indeed, your Rabb is very compassionate, very merciful.

⁸And Allah formed horses, mules and donkeys so you may ride them and they may be your assets. And it is He Who forms that which you do not know.

In these verses, our Lord touches upon the importance of animals such as sheep, camels, goats and cattle and reminds us of how humanity benefits from these animals in the fields of food, clothing, jewelry, transportation and transport. Everyone can appreciate what kind of deprivations and troubles human life would be in the absence of these animals. Therefore, Allah, who gave these blessings, should not be forgotten.

(Nahl/80)

⁷¹Have they not seen that We have indeed formed various livestock for them from what our strength put forth, and they own them.

⁷²And We made them inferior for them. Therefore, their rides are from them. And they eat from them.

⁷³And many more benefits and drink are in them. Will they still not repay for the blessings they have been given and be ungrateful?

(Ya Sin/71-73)

Ve Müminun/21-22, Ghafir/79-81, Zukhruf/12-14.

⁹Only upon Allah is the right path. And among the various paths are those deviating. And if Allah had willed, He would have guided you entirely to the righteous path.

In this verse, our Lord declares that, out of His mercy, He sent messengers and sent down books to inform people of the correct path, that He wanted to protect them from the crooked path because the path was crooked, but that He left people free, that He did not force anyone to follow the right path, and that anyone who wishes can follow the crooked path, taking the risk of bearing the consequences. This issue has been explained to people with many verses:

²⁷²To guide them to the righteous path is not a liability upon you, but only Allah guides whom He wills to the righteous path. And that which you spend from good for the cause of Allah/provide sustenance first for your relatives and then others is only for yourself. And you spend only to seek countenance of Allah. And whatever you spend of good, it will be paid to you fully. And you will not be treated unjustly.

(Baqara/272)

¹⁵¹Say: “Come, I will recite you what your Rabb has tabooed; made untouchable to you”.

‘Not to associate anything with Him,

to do good to mother and father – treat them good,

not to kill your children out of poverty/being made poor, -We provide for you and them.-

not to approach apparent and concealed of evil,

not to kill a self which Allah has forbidden except by right, -These are what He brought upon you as a liability so you may use your reason.-

¹⁵²And do not approach orphan’s property, -But until he reaches the age that he is able to distinguish between good and evil, you can approach in a way which is best and spend in the appropriate way.-,

weight in justice and equity and give full measure, -We never burden anyone other than what he is able to; other than what is within his capacity.-

be just when you speak even if it is against someone close to you,

and fulfill the covenant of Allah.’ –These are what Allah brought upon you as liabilities so you may be reminded and take lessons.-“

¹⁵³And surely, this is My path, straight. Follow it right away. And do not follow other paths so it will not take you away from His path. These are what Allah brought upon you as liabilities so you may enter under the guardianship of Allah.

¹⁵⁴Then We gave Moses the Book to explain all things in detail and as guidance and mercy with all necessary explanations for those who produced good so they might believe in that they would meet their Rabb.

^155-157And the Qur’an is a blessed book that We have sent down so some of you will not say, “The book was sent down to only two groups before us, Jews and Christians; but we could not read these books and we could not understand their language” or some of you will not say, “Had a book been sent down to us, we would have been on a righteous path better than them”. Therefore, follow it and enter under the guardianship of Allah so you may be shown mercy. A clear proof, guidance and mercy have come to you as well from your Rabb. Therefore, who can do more wrong; act more against their own good than those who deny the Ayat of Allah, turn away from them? We will recompense those who turn away from Our Ayat with the worst of the punishment for they have turned away.

(An’am/151-157)

¹⁴⁹Say: “The absolute and perfect evidence belongs to Allah. Therefore, if Allah had willed, He would indeed have guided you all”.

(An’am/149)

And Yunus/99, Kahf/29, Anbiya/35, Hijr/41, Hud/118,119.

¹³He has given to your service that which He created for you on the earth of varying colors. Indeed, there is an evidence/sign in this for a people who remember.

In these verses, our Lord reminds us of His blessings that we experience every day and that we cannot exist without. Water, which is the main source of our food and drinks, is given first priority. Then, the transformation of day and night and other blessings that enable these to occur are mentioned.

⁷³And out of mercy of Allah, He created the night and the day; so you may rest at night and during the day you may seek for what He has given in abundance, unreturned and repay for the blessings that were given to you.

(Kasas/73)

⁵²Moses said: “The knowledge of them is with my Rabb in a book. My Rabb does not do wrong nor forgets/forsakes. ⁵³He is the One Who made the earth a cradle for you, made paths on it and sent down a water from the sky”. – And We grow many species of plants in couples with that water. ⁵⁴Eat and graze your livestock. Indeed there are many evidences/signs in this for those who have intelligence! ⁵⁵We formed you from the earth and we will return you to it and bring you out of it once again. – ⁵⁶And surely, We showed Pharaoh our evidences/signs; all of them, but he denied and refused.

(Ta Ha/53)

There are hundreds of other verses in the Quran regarding the blessings listed in the paragraph we are talking about. The reason why blessings are listed here is to give the message that one should thank God for them and pay for them.

In these verses, our Lord touched upon the function of mountains and pointed out that mountains are a great blessing for people.

What is understood from the verses is that the wisdom in creating mountains is to ensure that people do not get shaken. If there were no fixed mountains, people would shake and shake on the earth, they would not be able to stand with their feet firmly on the ground, and they would be in a constant state of shaking, as if an earthquake were occurring. When it is in a state of shaking, the soil and water order that affects the formation of plants on the earth will be disrupted, and since the air currents are disrupted, there will be no oxygen distribution; Thus, living beings would be left without a table. While our Lord was creating the earth, that is, while the earth’s crust was being shaped in the geological process, our Lord created mountains, called solid stakes, to ensure balance. These mountains ensure stability by preventing earthquakes that would negatively affect the earth and its inhabitants.

There are many verses in the Quran regarding the function of mountains:

³¹And We made firm stakes within the earth so it may be a table for you/it may be suitable for agriculture. And We made many paths there so they may find the paths they are guided.

(Anbiya/31)

Apart from these, Ra’d/3, Hıcr/19, Neml/61, Lokman/10, Fussılet/10, Sebe/13, Kaf/7, Mürselat/27, Nebe’/7 and Naziat/32 should also be looked at.

¹⁷Then, is the One Who creates/Allah like so-called gods that are not able to create? Will you still not think?

¹⁹And Allah knows what you conceal and what you disclose.

After revealing with clear evidence His true divinity, that He is the Creator of everything and that He controls everything, our Lord said, “Then can the Creator [Allah] be like the non-creator [idols]? Are you still not going to think about it? By saying this, He condemns the unbelievers who cannot appreciate Him as they should, and criticizes their foolishness and ungratefulness.

²²And your God is the One God. And as for those who do not believe in Akhirat [Afterlife]; their hearts work for preventing it to be known and they are the ones who think highly of themselves.

²³There is no doubt that Allah knows what they conceal and disclose. Indeed, Allah does not like those who think highly of themselves.

There are dozens of verses that reveal the difference between false gods and the “One True God” and give the message that the “True God” should be recognized correctly:

⁷³O people! An example is presented, now listen to it: Even if those whom you invoke from among those that are inferior to Allah gather together, they can never form a fly. And should the fly harm them, they can not save it. Weak are the demanded and the demander.

⁷⁴They have not appraised Allah properly. Surely, Allah is very powerful, almighty.

(Hajj/73, 74)

⁵⁹Say: “All praise is to Allah; no one else may be praised. Well-being and safety is to His servants whom He has chosen and purified. Is Allah better or that which they associate with Allah?”.

⁶⁰Is that which they associate with Allah better or the One Who formed the heavens/universe and the earth, Who sends down water from the sky for you? Then with that water We made grow beautiful gardens which you could not have grown even one of its trees. Is there any other deity with Allah? Rather, they are a people who continue to do wrong; act against their own good by associating others with Allah.

⁶¹Is that which they associate with Allah better or the One Who made the earth a shelter, formed rivers within it, placed firmly set mountains for it and placed a barrier between two seas? Is there any other deity with Allah? Quite contrary, most of them do not know.

⁶²Is that which they associate with Allah better or the One Who responds to one who is depressed when he calls upon Him and removes the evil, the One Who appoints you as the successors of the earth? Is there any other deity with Allah? You think so little!.

⁶³Is that which they associate with Allah better or the One Who guides you in the darkness of the land and the sea, the One Who sends winds as the bringer of good tidings before His mercy? Is there any other deity with Allah? Allah is high above than those that they associate with Him.

⁶⁴Is that which they associate with Allah better or the One Who began the formation, and then will return it and the One Who provides you both from the sky and the earth? Is there any other deity with Allah? Say: “If you are truthful, bring your solid proof!”.

⁶⁵Say: “No one but Allah knows the unseen, the unheard, the unfelt, the past and the future in the heavens/universe and on the earth. And they do not perceive when they will be resurrected.

(Neml/59-65)

¹⁹⁴Those that you invoke from among those that are inferior to Allah are servants like you are. If you are truthful, call upon them and let them respond to you. ¹⁹⁵Do they have feet with which they walk, hands with which they hold, eyes with which they see or ears with which they hear?

(A’raf/195)

¹¹This is the formation of Allah. Now show me! What have the ones from among those that are inferior to Allah formed? Indeed, those who do wrong; act against their own good by associating others with Allah are in an explicit astray.

(Luqman/11)

⁴⁰Say: “Have you ever thought about those whom you associate with Allah, whom you invoke from among those that are inferior to Allah? Show me, what have they formed of the earth? Or is there a partnership for them in the heavens/universe? Or have We given them a book so they hold it as evidence?”. Quite contrary, those who do wrong; act against their own good by associating others with Allah do promise each other nothing but deception.

(Fatir/40)

In these verses, the attitudes and false beliefs of the Meccan polytheists are revealed once again, and they are reminded of what happened to people similar to them from the societies of the past. “Be careful, how evil is what they are burdened with! Surely, those before them plotted and Allah came to their walls from their foundations. Then the roof collapsed on them from above. With this reminder, “And the torment came to them from a direction they could not understand,” the message is given to these ungrateful deniers to come to their senses. There is an advanced threat to the polytheists in the wording of the verse.

Indeed, the stories narrated in the Quran, archaeological excavations, thousands of ruins and historical information around the world show the terrible disasters that befell past tribes. Our Lord has made this warning many times due to its importance:

⁴⁰And We seized them all for their sins: We sent storms upon some of them, throwing stones, a horrifying roar seized some of them, We made the earth swallow some of them, and We drowned some of them in the water. And Allah did not treat them unjustly, but they were acting against their own good by associating others with Allah.

(Ankebut/40)

¹⁶But they kept their distance; they did not repay for the blessings. So, We released upon them the flood of the dams and turned their two gardens into two gardens with bitter fruits, tamarisks and some “persimmon trees”.

(Sebe/16)

⁶And among the people are those who purchase amusement of speech to lead astray from the path of Allah without knowledge and to ridicule it. They are the ones for whom will be a humiliating punishment.

(Luqman/6)

The verses we are talking about give the message that those who attempt to wage war with Allah will also bear the sins of those they affect. It should be known that while such people bear some of the sins of those they lead astray, there will be no decrease in their sins.

¹³They will definitely carry their burdens and many other burdens along with their own burdens. And on the day of Qiyamat [Resurrection], they will absolutely be questioned about that which they invented.

(Ankebut/13)

⁸⁵And whoever helps by interceding for good and good cause, there is a share for him from this. And whoever helps by being proof for evil and helping it or opening the path of evil, there is a share of sin from it. Allah is the One Who is competent over everything / Who meets the needs of all beings as long as they exist.

(Nisa/85)

In verse 24, a person is mentioned who calls Allah’s verses “legends of the ancients”. According to the “Esbab-ı Nüzul” records, the person who said these words is Nadr b. It is reported that al-Haris:

Nadr bin al-Haris went to Hire and bought the stories about Kelile and Dimne there. Then he read these stories to the Quraysh and said: “Muhammad also only reads the tales of the previous ones to his friends. In other words, what he reads is not what our Lord sent down.”[3]

This subject was previously mentioned in Surah Furkan.

⁵And they said: “The Qur’an is the legends of the former ones written down; and these are being dictated to him day and night/continuously”.

(Furkan/5)

Our Lord warned those who dared to fight Him and told them that their traps were futile. As a matter of fact, there is the following verse in the Surah Ibrahim about their traps:

⁴⁶And indeed they planned their plot. Their plot is with Allah. Even if their plot was to move mountains…

(Ibrahim/46)

In verse 26 it is said “and Allah hit their walls from their foundations. ”. It is not possible to use concepts such as “coming”, “going”, “descending”, “going out” with their true meaning about Allah. Then, it is necessary to interpret these concepts metaphorically. What is meant here is something like “When they disbelieved, Allah brought on them an earthquake that ripped their buildings from their foundations and pillars.” Those who have some knowledge about God know that these expressions are metaphors. What is meant in the verse is that Allah punishes them with natural events. There are many verses expressing this (A’raf/84,91, 92, Fil/1-5, Fussilet/16, 17, Ahkaf/24-25).

In this verse, the situation of the polytheists, who call the revelation conveyed by the Messenger “tales of the ancients”, on the Day of Judgment and Judgment is displayed.

They will be disgraced on the Day of Judgment and will be asked where their so-called gods are. Sensible, knowledgeable people already accept that the disgrace of the infidels is a well-deserved punishment:

⁸⁰And those who were given knowledge said: “Woe to you! For those who believe and do righteous deeds, the reward that Allah will give is better. And only those who have patience will be granted it”.

(Vault/80)

Some of the verses that contain doomsday and apocalypse scenes about polytheists are as follows:

²²And on that day We will gather all of them. Then We will say to those who associate others with Allah: “Where are your partners whom you believed wrongly?”. ²³Then throwing of them into the fire is nothing but them saying: “Our Rabb! We swear by Allah that we were not among those who associated others with Him”.

(An’am/22)

^28,29And on the day We will gather all of them and say to those who associated others with Allah “To your places! You and your partners!”, We will definitely separate them and their partners will say: “You have not been worshipping only to us! Now, sufficient is Allah between us and between you as a witness. We were certainly unaware of/apathetic to your worship”.

(Yunus/28, 29)

^92,93And it will be said to them: “Where are the things you used to worship from among those that are inferior to Allah? Do they help you or do they help themselves?”.

(Shuara/93)

^8,9No doubt that, the Creator is the One Who is able to return him on the day when all secrets are put forth. ¹⁰Then there is neither any power for him nor any helper.

(Tariq/10)

^50,51If only you could see the forces in charge when they remind the infidels; those who consciously deny the divinity of Allah and the fact that He is Rabb one by one what they did in the past and what they failed to do while being obliged to, hitting their faces and backs: “Now, taste the punishment of the blazing fire! This is because of that which you have put forth with your hands. And surely, Allah is not the One Who treats unjustly to the servants at all”.

(Anfal/50,51)

“²⁹Then enter to the gates of Jahannah [Hell] as the ones who will abide therein eternally!”, it will be said. O how evil is the abode of the arrogant!

The following points are mentioned in these verses:

* Unbelievers go through a lot of trouble at the moment of death, they feel regret, but it is too late. Faith is useless in times of despair and helplessness.

⁸³And when their messengers came to them with clear evidences, they became arrogant because of the knowledge they had. But that which they ridiculed had surrounded them.

⁸⁴And then when they saw Our punishment, they said: “We have believed in Allah alone and we have disbelieved in that which we associated with Him”.

⁸⁵But their faith when they saw Our punishment did not benefit them. –Established way of Allah over His servants…- Thereupon lost the infidels; those who consciously denied the divinity of Allah and the fact that He is Rabb.

(Mu’min/83-85)

* The polytheists lie there too: In the verse, it is stated that the polytheists said, “We were not doing any evil.” These statements of theirs show that they lied even under those conditions. As a matter of fact, the following passage was included in the Surah An’am:

²⁴See how they will lie against themselves! And that which they invented will depart from them and be lost.

²⁵And among them are those who heed you; but We made coverings layers upon layers upon their hearts and a heaviness in their ears so they would not understand it. They will not believe in it even though they see all evidences/signs. Even when those infidels; those who consciously deny the divinity of Allah and the fact that He is Rabb come to you, they say arguing with you: “This is nothing but the invented legends of the ancients”.

(An’am/22-25)

In the verses above, it is stated that polytheists will not find any other way other than denying their polytheism when they are questioned. Considering that the criminals will be out of their minds, confused and terrified during the interrogation at the apocalypse, it can be thought that it is possible for them to lie there too. However, it is clearly stated in the Quran that lying will be of no use in the afterlife. Even if they try to lie, Allah Almighty will expose their lies to their faces with various witnesses. As a matter of fact, there are many verses (Ya Sin/65, Fussilet/20, 21, En’am/28, Mücadele/18, Mümin/69-76) stating that criminals will lie in the afterlife.

They asked: “What did your Lord send down?” In these verses, the situation of believers who act intelligently and piously is conveyed, as opposed to the situation of the polytheists who said “Tales of the ancients…” when asked. Believers who answer the same question with “no” will naturally encounter “no” in the afterlife in return for their submission. So much so that, as a result of this good treatment they will receive from their Lord, they will be placed in the paradise of Eden. It is a promise from our Lord that those who believe and act piously will always be rewarded:

^30-32Surely, those who say, “Our Rabb is Allah” and become righteous; harbinger Ayat continuously descend upon them; “Do not fear, do not grieve. Rejoice on Jannah [Heaven/Paradise] that is promised to you. We are your guide, your helper and protector in the worldly life and in Akhirat [Afterlife]. In Jannah [Heaven/Paradise, there will be for you whatever you desire as an accommodation from the One Who removes the sins of His servants, does not punish them and has much forgiveness, the One Who is the possessor of vast mercy. Whatever you ask will be for you there”.

^33,34And who else is better in speech than the one who invites to Allah, does righteous deeds and says: “I am among the Muslims”? And all of the good are not equal; all of the evil are not equal either. Repel evil with the best/the most beautiful of the good. Then the one whom between you and him is enmity will become as if he is very close familiar.

(Fussilet/30-34)

“^68-70O My servants who have believed in Our Ayat and have been Muslims! There will be no fear for you today and you will not grieve. Enter Jannah [Heaven/Paradise], you and your partners, being the hosted ones! ^71-73 –Trays and cups of gold will be circulated around those who entered under the guardianship of Allah. And there will be whatever the selves desire and delight the eyes.- And you will abide therein eternally. And this is Jannah [Heaven/Paradise] which you are made to inherit for what you did. There are many fruits for you. You will eat from them”.

(Zukhruf/68-73)

²⁷Allah keeps firm those who believe with a firm word/faith in the simple worldly life and in Akhirat [Afterlife]. And Allah leads those who do wrong; act against their own good by associating others with Himself astray. And Allah does whatever He wills.

(Ibrahim/27)

The fact that the pious people describe the revelations sent to them as “good” indicates that the Quran contains pure goodness, goodness and beauty. The Quran is good both in this world and in the afterlife.

^14-17The one who purifies himself, who fulfills Salah; supports others financially and spiritually; strives to enlighten the community mentioning the name of his Rabb will definitely save himself. But you prefer that simple worldly life. Yet, Akhirat [Afterlife] is better and ever lasting.

(A’la/14-17)

^4,5And indeed, the future will be better for you than the past. And your Rabb will give you and you will be satisfied.

(Duha/4, 5)

⁹⁷And whoever does good deeds, whether female or male, We will make her/him live a good life. And We surely will give them their reward with much better than what they do.

(Nahl/97)

Another point that draws attention in the verses we are talking about is that the pious people will be made happy by having everything they have done shown to them in full at the time of death.

In the verses, believers are praised and praised, and other people are encouraged to achieve the same happy ending as they did.

In these verses, the following is implicitly said to the polytheists who deny the afterlife and torment out of spite and without knowledge and any basis: “Why do they still insist on accepting the invitation, which is so easy and obvious? We have tried every method to reveal the truth and have shown evidence of this from the universe and our own bodies. We have left no gap for intelligent and thinking people to deviate into polytheism. They always ignore these. When the angel of death comes, they will realize the situation. Then they will accept the invitation, but their acceptance will be of no use.”

A similar verse was also included in the Surahs En’am and Fajr:

¹⁵⁸Do they wait for anything except that angels should come or your Rabb should come or some of the evidences/signs of your Rabb should come? On the day when some of the evidences/signs of your Rabb will come, the faith of the one who has not believed before or has not earned any good through his faith, will not benefit him. Say: “Wait; surely we are the ones who also wait”.

(An’am/158)

^21-23Certainly not as you think! When the earth has been leveled with consecutive tremors, when the revelations which your Rabb questioned and sent have been set as witnesses rank upon rank, that day Jahannah [Hell] will be brought; that day man will realize but what good to him will it bring!

(Fecr/21-23)

If a person who does not believe in Allah, His prophets and the afterlife, believes at the moment of death, when the severity of death comes to him and he definitely sees and feels the divine punishment, this belief will be called “iman-i ye’s” or “iman-i be’s [iman-i be’s]. It is called “forced faith]”.

Forced faith occurs in the following three situations:

1- In the face of disasters encountered while alive.

2- At the time of death.

3- In the apocalypse and the resurrection after the apocalypse.

The faith of those who believe after encountering one of these three situations will not be accepted. Because they believed not out of their free will, but out of fear and despair caused by the troubles they encountered, that is, they were forced to believe. For this reason, this belief does not benefit them at all.

Since a detailed explanation is given on this subject in the analysis of the Surah Doomsday, we recommend that you read the relevant section from there.

⁹³And who can do more wrong; act more against his own good than the one who invents a lie about Allah or says “I have been revealed” even though he has not been and says “I will also reveal like what Allah revealed”? If only you could see those who do wrong; act against their own good by associating others with Allah when they are in violence of death and when authorities in charge extend their hands to them saying: “Discharge your souls. Today, you will be recompensed with an humiliating punishment for you have told lies about Allah and acted arrogantly towards His Ayat!”.

(An’am/93)

^13-16On that day, the deniers will be thrown into the fire of Jahannah [Hell]. –This is the fire you have been denying! Then, is this also a magic? Or, do you not see? Lean over it! Whether you have patience or you do not have patience, it is the same for you now. You will only be recompensed for what you did!-

(Tur/13-16)

In this verse, another nonsense of the polytheists is mentioned. They tried to blame God for their foolishness. If God had willed, He would not have made them commit polytheism or commit crimes. Of course, he could do it if he wished, but the “divine will” was realized in favor of people’s free choice. Anyone who wishes can believe and live as he wishes, provided that he accepts the consequences. There is no compulsion for guidance. These beliefs of the polytheists were previously reported in the Surahs An’am and Zumar:

¹⁴⁸Those who associate others with Allah will say: “Had Allah willed, we would not have associated, our ancestors would not have either and we would not have forbidden anything”. Those before them were like this until they tasted Our punishment. Say: “Is there a knowledge with you that you can produce for us? You follow only assumption and you only do nonsense”.

(An’am/148)

^55-58And follow the best of what has been sent down to you from your Rabb

before the punishment comes suddenly,

and he says, “O woe to me for my transgression in regard to Allah! I truly was among those who ridiculed”

or “Had Allah guided me to the righteous path, I would have indeed been among those who have entered under the guardianship of Allah”

or “If only there was a return for me so I might have been among those who have produced good” when he sees the punishment.”

(Zumer/55-58)

The expression “Those before them did this” in the verse shows that the generations before the polytheists in the Prophet’s time also believed and lived according to their own absurd ideas and tried to blame God for their actions. Those older generations interpreted the books that came to them according to their own understanding and even dared to falsify them.

⁷⁸Some of those are the ones who have no knowledge on the Book except for their assumptions, the ones who are illiterates/unlearned. They only assume.

⁷⁹Woe to those who write a book with their hands and then say: “This is from Allah” to sell it for a price. Woe to them for what they have written with their hands! Woe to them for what they earn!

(Baqara/78, 79)

⁷⁸And there is a fool and rogue group among the People of the Book who twist and turn their tongues towards the book so you may assume that it is from the book while it is not from the book. They say, “This is from Allah” while it is not from Allah. They lie about Allah while they know.

(Al-i Imran/78)

In these verses, our Lord states that, out of His mercy, He sent messengers to help people find the right path and “worship Allah and avoid taghut.” The duty of the messengers sent and the basic message of the revelations sent down to them is to save people from servitude to the tyrant and direct them to servitude to Allah.

²⁵And We did not send any messenger before you except that We revealed to him: “The truth is that there is no god but Me. Therefore, worship me”.

(Anbiya/25)

⁴⁵And ask those We sent before you of Our messengers; research, think, explore! “Have we made deities to be worshipped from among those that are inferior to Rahman [Allah; the One Who shows great mercy on the earth to all living beings that He created]?”.

(Zukhruf/45)

This duty and message, in short, is to convey “la ilahe illallah” to people with all its requirements and to try to ensure that they act according to this principle.

In the verse, the alternative to “servitude to Allah” is given as “servitude to the taghut”. As a matter of fact, the “expression with the principle of opposition” method that our Lord used when revealing the belief in monotheism is also seen in other verses:

²⁵⁶There is no compulsion in the religion; faith has been separated clearly from the denial of the divinity of Allah and the fact that He is Rabb; good from evil, truth from going astray. So, whoever disbelieves in Taghut ; denies it and believes in Allah, he has grasped a handhold that never breaks. Allah is the One Who hears best, knows best.

(Baqara/256)

We believe that a brief reminder about the “Taghut” mentioned in the verse and the “tuğyan/azma” that caused it to take this name would be useful:

TUĞYAN:

Since it is the action of Tāghūt, this concept must first be known.

Tuğyan means “exceeding the limits, cruelty, transgression, perversion, rebellion, blasphemy”.

The word tuğyan is used nine times in the Quran as the infinitive of the verb taga [it was too little, it overflowed, it was cruel]. In addition, [tağ] means “persons and communities who transgress the limits and act recklessly” in six places; [Taghût], which means “devil”, “idol” and “soothsayer” who leads people astray and leads people astray, is mentioned in eight places. This word, along with the infinitive and its other derivatives, is mentioned in a total of thirty-nine places in the Quran. Tuğyan is in human nature. A selfish person who turns a deaf ear to revelation, accepts his own mind as his sole guide, and becomes arrogant when he owns a lot of possessions and begins to see himself as far from need, falls into a trap.

When a person feels the power, knowledge and ability to do what he wants, he forgets Allah; He forgets that only God has real power, real knowledge, real will, real power and will. This situation is a door opening to confusion for man; From now on, he can do whatever he wants, without recognizing rights, law or limits. He begins to associate partners with Allah, replaces himself with his ego, and follows his whims and desires. This state is the state of ignorance, and such people are “taghi” in the language of the Quran.

In the Quran, Pharaoh is presented as the symbol of tyranny. He believed that all power was in his hands, he humiliated people, killed them and subjected them to the worst torture (Baqara/49, Ibrahim/6). According to Pharaoh’s logic, all people were his servants, Egypt and the rivers were his property (Zukhruf/51).

If Moses (pbuh) and Harun (pbuh) had not reminded him of his sin and called him to Allah, Pharaoh might have made an excuse against Allah in the afterlife and said, “My Lord! No warner has come to me!” he could have said. Because he wasn’t aware of his horniness; He considered it his natural right to make people work as slaves, to torture and kill them. His reign made him proud.

Tuğyan’s basis lies in arrogance and selfishness. The reason for Satan’s anger was arrogance and selfishness. In this regard, in Nisa/51, taghut also includes Satan [Iblis].

TÂĞÛT:

It is a concept derived from the Arabic root taga, which means “to rebel against God Almighty”. It means “horny, perverted, leader of evil and perversion, tyrant, devil, idol, idolatry, soothsayer, magician, person and organization that turns its back on God’s rules.” The word tâğût comes from the same root as tuğyan; It refers to “a horny, infidel, tyrant person who rules over people by force”.

In the Quran, Allah is the closest helper of believers; Taghut, on the other hand, is shown as the friend and helper of the unbelievers, and it is stated that believers “fight in the way of Allah” and unbelievers “fight in the way of taghut”:

²⁵⁷Allah is the familiar Who is helper, guide, protector of the believers; He brings them out from all darkness into the light. And as for the infidels; those who consciously deny the divinity of Allah and the fact that He is Rabb; their familiar who helps, guides, protects is Taghut and it brings them out from the light into the darkness. These are the companions of Jahannah [Hell]. They will abide therein eternally.

(Baqara/257)

⁷⁶Those who have believed fight for the cause of Allah. And the infidels; those who consciously deny the divinity of Allah and the fact that He is Rabb fight for taghut. Therefore, fight against the companions, helpers of satan. Surely, very weak is the plot of satan.

(Nisa/76)

Every person and institution that opposes the rulings revealed by Allah and invents rulings to replace them is a tyrant.

Taghut, in addition to rebelling against Allah, is the one who tries to take His servants as his own. With this function, he can be a devil, a priest, a religious or political leader.

Almighty Allah says in the Quran, “We have certainly sent a prophet to every nation, saying, ‘Worship Allah and avoid worshiping the gods!’ (An-Nahl, 36)” and “Those who believe shall follow in the path of Allah.” “They fight, and the unbelievers fight in the way of Taghut (An-Nisa, 76)” gives information to believers about Taghut and explains the attitude they should take against Taghut.

The rules made by people in any way that contradict the rules of Allah are called “taghuti rules”. Almighty Allah says:

⁶⁰Have you not seen/thought about those who claim that they believe in that which has been revealed to you and that which was revealed before you by wishing to make taghut³⁷⁴, which they have been commanded to disbelieve, an arbitrator between themselves? Satan wishes to lead them astray with a distant/an irrevocable astray.

(Nisa/60)

Those who see such powers in themselves and who do not judge by what Allah has sent down, but make decisions in line with their whims and desires, also claim “divinity”. Therefore, those who make decisions other than Allah’s rules and follow those rules go beyond the creed of monotheism and become infidels, oppressors and sinners. In Al-Maidah/44-47, Allah Almighty describes those who do not judge by what Allah has revealed as infidels, oppressors and sinners.

As can be understood from the verse that is our subject, Almighty Allah led all the prophets from Noah (pbuh) to Muhammad (pbuh) and humanity to believe in tawhid, that is, to believe in the unity of Allah and that he has no partners; He sent them to call them to fight against the tāghūt, who do not accept his rulings and make judgments according to their whims and desires, and to avoid worshiping things that fall within the scope of tāghūt.

These taghuts are the prominent members of the society and idolaters such as Nimrod in the time of Abraham (pbuh), Pharaoh in the time of Moses (pbuh), Abu Jahl and Abu Lahab in the time of Muhammad (pbuh); During the time of other prophets, they were idol-worshipping tribes that denied the monotheistic creed/belief sent to them and persisted in the beliefs inherited from their ancestors.

The era of the Taghuts is not over. Whether there was a prophet or not, taghuts continued to exist in every period. They are not just powers that emerged and found the opportunity to survive in ancient tribes; Today, they are the people, groups or organizations that are the most hostile towards Muslims and the most destructive propaganda. Tāghūt has seized the economic, social and cultural sources of power and has increased its hostility to the point of risking making moral values [religious] disreputable in the eyes of societies and being feared to be a supporter of them. In addition to his direct actions, he has also transformed many concepts under the name of common values of humanity into content that will harm Muslims. In short, Taghut surrounds Muslims from all sides and does not allow Muslims the right to live.

So, we understand that our Prophet’s duty was to fight against the founders of the tāghūti order, not the spoiled people on the streets. His first job was to warn this horny mob who were sitting on the path of the society and obstructing it like thugs.

After these explanations, let’s return to our topic, verse 36: At the end of the verse, our Lord says, “Now travel around the earth and see what was the end of those who denied.” he said. By saying so, he wanted the situation of those who acted contrary to the prophets and denied the truth to be investigated.

There are dozens of verses containing this invitation of our Lord to take a lesson from the past. It is enough to remind you of a few of them:

¹⁰Have they not travelled across the earth? So they might see how the end of those before them was. Allah destroyed them. And similar ones are for these infidels; those who consciously deny the divinity of Allah and the fact that He is Rabb.

(Muhammad/10)

⁴⁶Have they not travelled through the earth so they might have hearts to reason and ears to hear. Indeed, it is not the eyes that go blind but, hearts which are within the chests go blind.

(Hajj/46)

¹⁸And surely, those before them had also denied. So, how was the end of not knowing Me/attempting to make Me unknown?

(Mülk/18)

³⁷Even though you strive so they may follow the righteous path, Allah will not guide to the righteous path those whom He has led astray. There will be none from the helpers for them either.

In this verse, it was stated to the Messenger of Allah that those who have their hearts sealed will not come to the right path, no matter how hard they try. In this verse, in which our Prophet is consoled by giving the message that he does not need to work hard enough to beat himself up, the unbelievers are also warned that they will be helpless and helpless.

There are many verses (Maide/41, Hud/34, Qasas/56, Baqara/272, Yunus/96, 97) that cover this subject in detail.

It is stated in many verses who Allah will lead astray and whom He will guide. Since we have previously discussed this issue in the analysis of Surah At-Takwir, we recommend reading the details from there.

In these verses, the groundless beliefs of the polytheists who do not use their minds are questioned and the invalidity of this belief is revealed. In response to the polytheists persistently denying the afterlife by swearing by Allah, our Lord rejects their belief and explains the truth with the words ” “.

The polytheists’ refusal to accept the apocalypse and resurrection after death has been discussed in many places before: It is explained in detail in the analysis of Ya Sin/77-82.

In the light of these verses, we can summarize the necessity of the “Afterlife” as follows:

* Fear of the afterlife is an element that can deter people, who were created in a way that loves their comfort and desires the blessings of this world, from committing crimes for this purpose. Because human beings, who are capable of committing all kinds of irresponsible behavior for their own benefit, can only control themselves thanks to the existence of a “land of reward and punishment”, thus the evils in worldly life can be curbed, at least to a certain extent. It is terrifying to even imagine what kind of chaos, disorder and decay would reign in a world where there was no fear of the afterlife.

* In return for being shown the right path, man is left completely free in this world. Therefore, some people prefer faith, some prefer disbelief, and some prefer gratitude or ungratefulness. Logically speaking, these choices made with complete freedom must be rewarded or punished. The place where these rewards will be given is the afterlife.

* It is not possible to say that a person gets the full reward of what he does in this world. Because many good deeds go unrewarded because they are not seen or ignored, many good people are oppressed and abused through no fault of their own. However, justice requires full recompense. Then, there must be another world where not even the smallest amount of good or evil is neglected and where absolute justice is provided. This world is the abode of the hereafter, and there all deeds will be rewarded by Allah, the “Wise of Judges”, the “Just of the Just”, thus justice will be found.

(Tur/13-16)

⁴⁰When We intend something, Our word to it is only that We say, “Be!”. And it immediately is.

In this verse, our Lord draws attention to His infinite power and gives a message to the poor people who find the resurrection of all people who died at different times to be a very difficult task. God does not need suitable environments and conditions to create something. It just says “be!” He says, and it [the desired thing] happens immediately.

⁵⁰And Our command is but one like blink of an eye; it is instant.

(Kamer/50)

²⁸Your formation and your resurrection after death is just like of a single one. Surely, Allah is the One Who hears best, sees best.

(Luqman/28)

³⁵It is not for Allah to take a child. He is purified from this. When He decrees something, He only says “Be” and it immediately is.

(Mary/35)

⁸²Indeed, when He intends a thing, His command/affair is to say to that thing “Be!” and it immediately is.

(Ya Sin/82)

⁶⁸It is He Who makes you live and die. When He decrees a command, He only says to it, ‘Be!’ and it immediately is”.

(Believer/68)

In these verses, those who persevere in their beliefs when they are persecuted and who, when necessary, leave their property, property and homeland and live their beliefs elsewhere are praised. These verses give a sign of migration to our Prophet and Muslims in distress.

The Meccan polytheists began to torture the believers in every way they could in order to make them reject the belief in monotheism. According to history books, as the call to Islam began and the number of believers from the Quraysh increased, the Meccan polytheists reacted greatly and started to tease and torture the believers, trying to turn them back from the belief in monotheism.

Thereupon, a group of the first Muslims had to migrate to Abyssinia with the guidance of our prophet. 11 men and 4 women migrated the first time. The majority of the immigrants were young people of Quraysh. They were also relatives of the polytheists. After a while, false news reached these immigrants in Abyssinia that they believed in the polytheists, and they immediately returned. Unfortunately, this news was not true. The false news was caused by the involuntary prostration of the polytheists when the Messenger of Allah preached the Surah An-Najm.

The Meccan polytheists started to oppress again, and the believers migrated again. This time, others joined them and their number reached 101, including 83 men and 18 women. This second group remained there until the 6th year of Hijra. Meanwhile, Muslims had become stronger and stronger in Medina. Upon learning of the situation, the immigrants in Abyssinia immediately returned to Medina.

In the records of “Asbab al-Nuzul”[4], these verses are written by Abu Jandel b. It is reported that it was revealed about Suhayl, Bilal, Habbab, Abis and Ammar. However, even if these quotes are true, it is not right to confine the message of the verses to a few people. The verses contain messages for all times.

In these verses, our Lord explains the reason for the revelation of the Quran and the nature of the messengers he sent. Then, he directs those who cannot understand this subject to scholars [people of dhikr] who know this subject and informs them that information can be obtained from them.

It is stated many times in the Quran that he will not be a messenger in line with the expectations of the polytheists (An’am/8, 9, Mü’minun/47, Mü’minun/33-38, Yunus/2, Furkan/7, Yusuf/109). , İsra/93,94, Furkan/20, En’am/50, Kehf/110, A’raf/188) are explained.

The expression “Ahl al-Zikr” in the verse that is our subject refers to both those from the People of the Book who have knowledge about the Torah, revelation and religion, and the believing scholars who have thoroughly understood the Quran and its messages. In fact, the word “Zikr” is the quality of both the Torah and the Quran:

⁹No doubt that it is We Who have sent down that Reminder/Qur’an. And surely, We are the protectors of it.

(Hijr/9)

⁹Say: “I am not the one who came forth first of the messengers. And I do not know what will be done to me and to you. I only follow what is revealed to me. And I am only an explicit warner”.

(Ahqaf/9)

This means that those who have problems will convey their problems to those who know the Quran and will learn the truth from the Quran. This point has been touched upon many times:

⁵⁹O you who have believed! Obey Allah, obey the Messenger and those in authority/main governor from among you. Then, if you disagree over anything, rely on Allah and His Messenger for it, if you should be the ones who believe in Allah and Akhirat [Afterlife]. This is better and more appropriate in finding the best solution.

(Nisa/59)

⁶⁴And We have revealed the Qur’an to you, only so that you may make clear for them that over which they have differed and as a guidance, a mercy for a people who will believe.

(Nahl/64)

²¹³The mankind was one community with a leader, then Allah sent prophets as harbingers of tidings and warners and He also sent down with them the book with the truth so they might judge between the people over what they differed. And those who had been given the Book differed only because of their transgression between them after that many proofs had come to them. Then, pursuant to His knowledge, Allah guided the believers to the truth over which they had differed. And Allah guides whomever He wills/whoever wills to the straight path.

(Baqara/213)

^45-47Then, do those who plot evil deeds in secrecy feel secure that Allah will not cause the earth to swallow them or punishment will not come from where they do not know or Allah will not seize them while they travel, -and they will not incapacitate Him- or He will not seize them gradually/in fear? Then, indeed your Rabb is very compassionate, very merciful.

In these verses, polytheists who constantly plan deceit are condemned and warned of the punishment they may face. With this warning in the form of a question, they are informed that they are not safe in any way and that they have no power to take precautions against what may happen to them.

The types of torment mentioned in the verse are reminiscent of them sinking into the ground like Qarun, the torment coming from an unexpected direction, or the torment that came to the tribes of Ad, Thamud and Lot.

¹⁶Are you secure that the most sublime Allah³¹⁴ would not cause the earth to swallow you? Then all of a sudden, it would sway.

¹⁷Or, are you secure that the most sublime Allah would not send a storm that rains stones upon you? Then you will soon know how My warning is.

(Mulk/16, 17)

^97-99So, did the people of those cities feel secure from Our punishment that would come to them while they were sleeping at night? Or did the people of those cities feel secure from Our punishment that would come to them in the morning while they were occupied with trivial things? So, did they feel secure from the intricate plan of Allah? No one feels secure from the intricate plan of Allah but a people who have lost.

(A’raf/97- 99)

⁸¹And then We caused the earth to swallow him and his house. There was no company for him to help from among those that are inferior to Allah and he was not of those who were able to defend and save themselves.

(Kasas/81)

³⁰And once the infidels; those who consciously deny the divinity of Allah and the fact that He is Rabb plotted against you so they might restrain you or kill you or expel and drive you out. And as they were plotting, Allah was punishing them. And Allah is the best of punishers.

(Al-Anfal/30)

^196,197Do not let the travels of the infidels; those who consciously deny the divinity of Allah and the fact that He is Rabb across the cities, a very small enjoyment, deceive you. And their final destination is Jahannah [Hell] and how an evil bed it is!

(Al-i Imran/196, 197)

The statement in the last sentence of verse 47, “Surely your Lord is very compassionate and merciful” gives the message that our Lord will open a door of salvation to people and will not punish the criminal hastily due to his mercy and compassion. We have seen our Lord’s statements regarding this before.

⁴⁵And if Allah was to question and punish the people for that which they earn, He would not leave any living creature, small-large, on the earth. But He postpones them until a predetermined term. And when the end of their term comes, then indeed Allah is the One Who sees His servants best.

(Fatir/45)

⁵⁸And your merciful Rabb is very forgiving. If your merciful Rabb was to seize them immediately for their sins that they have committed, He would certainly have hastened the punishment for them. Rather, there is a term that is promised to them. They will never find a refuge from among those that are inferior to Him.

(Kahf/58)

⁴⁸Have they not seen/thought about those things which Allah formed. Their shadows turn from right to left, submitting to Allah while they are humble?

In these verses, our Lord refers to His verses in the universe; He drew attention to the system he established. The word “prostration” in the original text of the verse does not mean prostration in prayer, but as we have explained on many occasions before, it means “submission, submission, adaptation”.

Every being created by Allah, whether small or large, acts within the framework of the system established by Allah, and all of them carry out whatever task He assigns to them:

¹¹Then He established His dominion in the heavens/universe while it was smoke and said to it and the earth: “Come, willingly or unwillingly!”. And both of them said: “We have come willingly”.

(Fussilet/11)

⁶And stemless plants and trees submit too.

(Rahman/6)

¹⁵And those who are in the heavens/universe and on the earth and their shadows submit only to Allah willingly or unwillingly.

(Ra’d/15)

^19,20And whoever is in the heavens/universe and on the earth belongs only to Him. Those who know Allah well and whom Allah values do not become arrogant and do not become weary of His worship, they purify Him from all deficiencies, day and night.

Anbiya/19,20)

These verses inform us that there are living creatures not only on earth but also in the heavens [planets]. This sign is found in many other verses. One of them is the following verse:

²⁹And of His evidences/signs are the formation of the heavens/universe, the earth and that He has dispersed of every kind of living creature in the heavens/universe and on the earth; from the smallest to the largest. And He is the One Who is competent for gathering them all when He wills.

(Shura/29)

⁵¹And Allah commanded: “Do not take two deities. He is the only god. Then be an ideal person only for Me”.

In these verses, where the content of the messages sent by our Lord is expressed very concisely, the basic principles that constitute the belief in monotheism are revealed. According to these principles, just as our Lord is the only God, the sovereignty of the universe belongs entirely to Him. Just as man should worship only Him, he should also be aware that He is the only being with whom he should behave piously. Our Lord is never willing to violate these basic principles that constitute the belief in monotheism.

In the verse, rejecting “two gods” means rejecting more than two gods:

²²If there had been other gods in the heavens/universe and on the earth beside Allah, both of these; the earth, heavens/universe would have definitely been in chaos/their order would have been distorted. Then purified is Allah, Rabb of the greatest throne³⁰¹ from that which they ascribe to Him.

(Anbiya/22)

⁸³And do they seek other than the religion of Allah while all those who are in the heavens/universe and on the earth have been Islamized [create well-being, peace, order, happiness…] for Him and will be returned only to Him?

(AI-i Imran/83)

³Be careful, the pure religion belongs only to Allah. Those who take some familiars who help, guide, protect from among those that are inferior to Him: “We worship those familiars that we have taken as our helpers, guides, protectors from among those that are inferior to Allah so that they may bring us closer to Allah”. Indeed, Allah will judge between them about that over which they conflicted/differed. Indeed, Allah does not guide those who are liars and ungrateful.

(Zumer/3)

⁵³And whatever you have as good is from Allah. Then when a harm touches you, you immediately seek refuge only in Him.

^54,55And when He removes the harm from you, a group among you associate others with their Rabb to disbelieve; conceal/be ungrateful for what We have given. –Now enjoy! But you will know soon.-

In these verses, it is stated that all the blessings that human beings have are God’s blessings, and that some people pray to God when they are in trouble, but after the trouble is over, they associate partners with God in order to be ungrateful. This state is the general psychology of people who have adopted self-interest as their personality.

¹⁸⁹He is the One who formed you from a single self and then made its mate to accompany it. When he covered and enshrouded her, then she carried a light burden. And she continued with this. When the wife got heavier, then they both invoked their Rabb: “If you give us a healthy child, indeed we will be among those who repay”.

¹⁹⁰When He gave them a healthy child, they ascribed partners to Him about what He gave them. Allah is purified from that which they associate with Him, high above them.

(A’raf/189, 190)

This crude character of man, which is prone to polytheism and ungratefulness, is also expressed in the Surah Hud:

^9-11And if We make those other than who have patience and do amendatory deeds – those are the ones for whom the forgiveness and the greatest reward are – taste a mercy from Us and then take it back, then they are indeed desperate, very ungrateful. And if We make him taste happiness after sadness has touched him, he definitely says: “Evil has left me”. Indeed, he is the one who is spoiled and arrogant.

(Hud/9-11)

There are many other verses in the Quran that have the style of the verse we are talking about and are in the nature of interpretation of the verses of the Surah Hud that we have given above (Tövbe/75, 76, Yunus/22, 23, Luqman/31, 32, Rum/33, Ankebut/65, Isra /67, Zumer/6-8).

Since this issue has been previously mentioned in the Surah Al-A’raf, we recommend reading the details from there.

⁵⁶And those who associate others with Allah assign share from that which We have given them as provision for that which they do not know. –By Allah, you will definitely be questioned for that which you have been inventing.-

⁵⁷And they attribute daughters to Allah. –Purified is Allah from this- And for them are sons that they desire.

⁵⁸And when one of them is given the good tidings of a birth of a daughter, his face becomes dark with anger.

In this group of verses, it is explained how far the ignorant Arabs went in their perverted beliefs, traditions, ignorance and arrogance regarding their children and property. The Arab polytheists of that day were supposedly dividing some food according to their own minds and devoting some food to idols, their so-called gods. They adopted the boys, whom they considered superior, and attributed the girls, whom they despised, to God. When one of them was informed that a girl was born, he would become angry at this news, and instead of blushing, his face would turn black with anger. She hid from society just because she had a daughter, and had a tidal war within herself, wondering whether she should keep the child or bury it in the ground in the face of this disgrace.

These verses show what humanity was once like and from what social pits Islam pulled humanity out.

These beliefs of theirs are exhibited in many verses (Zukhruf/17, En’am/136, Maide/103, Necm/21, 22, Saffat/151-154).

This is verse 56 -59. It is a reference to verses and is a statement of the perverted beliefs of the Meccan polytheists.

Spoiled Meccan magnates claimed that they were God’s beloved servants and that their wealth was given to them for this reason. Even “there is no afterlife; But even if there were, they would live in a hollow egocentrism, saying, “We will be given the best things there too.”

⁵⁰And if We make him taste a mercy from Us after an adversity which has touched him, he will definitely say: “This is my right. And I do not think that the moment of Qiyamat [Resurrection] will come. And if I should be returned to my Rabb, surely there will be the best for me with Him”. This is why We will indeed inform the infidels; those who consciously deny the divinity of Allah and the fact that He is Rabb about what they did and We will surely make them taste of a harsh punishment.

(Fussilet/50)

^35,36And this man entered his vineyard while he was treating himself unjustly: “I do not think that this will ever perish. And I do not think that the Hour will come. And even if I would assume that I was taken to my Rabb, I would certainly find a better consequence than this”.

(Kahf/35, 36)

There is a detailed passage in the Surah Maryam regarding people with this mentality:

⁷³And when Our Ayat were recited to them explicitly, those infidels; those who consciously denied the divinity of Allah and the fact that He is Rabb said to the believers: “Which of these two parties [the believers and those who consciously deny the divinity of Allah and the fact that He is Rabb] is better in position and status and better in terms of persons/organizations they interact?”.

⁷⁴Yet before them We manipulated/destroyed many generations who were much better in wealth and glory.

⁷⁵Say: “Whoever is in astray, Rahman [Allah; the One Who shows great mercy on the earth to all living beings that He created] will extend for him/give him respite. At the end, when they see what they have been promised [the punishment or Qiyamat [Resurrection]], they will know who is worse in position-status and who is weaker in military [in support, power].

⁷⁶And Allah increases the guidance for those who follow the righteous path they are guided. And persistent amendatory deeds are better in the sight of your Rabb in terms of reward and better in consequence.

⁷⁷Then, have you ever seen/thought about the one who denies Our Ayat, evidences/signs, the divinity of Allah and the fact that He is Rabb and who says: “Of course, wealth and children will be granted to me”?”.

^78-80Has that denier received information about the matters he would not know, comprehend; or has he taken a promise from Rahman [Allah; the One Who shows great mercy on the earth to all living beings that He created]? Certainly not as he thinks! We record that which he says and extend from the punishment extensively for him. And We will inherit what he says/last word and implementation belong to Us and he will come to Us alone.

(Maryem/73-80)

When the above passage is read carefully, it is seen that the unbelievers claim that they are in a better position by bringing up the differences in rank and position between themselves and the believers, instead of believing in the verses of the Quran read to them. With this attitude, deniers implicitly say: “Who has more beautiful and larger houses? Whose living standards are higher? Who has more magnificent and magnificent assemblies? If you are deprived of all these and we have all of them, are we, who live a very happy worldly life, or are you, who live a poor and pathetic life, considered to be on the right path? Decide this.”

This approach of the unbelievers is also conveyed in other verses in the Quran:

¹¹And the infidels; those who consciously denied the divinity of Allah and the fact that He is Rabb said for those who have believed: “If it had been good, a benefit, they would not have preceded us to it; we would have been believers first, taken the benefit”. And when they do not follow the righteous path that they are guided by this, they will say: “This is an ancient invention.”

(Ahqaf/11)

¹¹¹They said: “Shall we believe in you while the lowest people follow you?”.

(Shuara/111)

^53,55And We have led some of them into the fire, tested them so they would say, “Is it these whom Allah favored among us?” and the path of the criminals may be disclosed/manifest for you. Is Allah not the One Who knows better those who repay for the blessings they are given? Thus We explain the Ayat in detail.

(An’am/53)

The source of the deniers’ arrogant and condescending attitudes towards believers is their spiritual blindness in perceiving value, caused by both their attachment to the world and their arrogance in human relations. In the passage, an implicit reminder is made to the drafts of the Quraysh Pharaoh who belittled the believers: “Wealthier than you; Many generations, who had more durable houses, furniture and beautiful views, were destroyed as a result of their denial and denial. “If you continue with this mentality, you will be destroyed just like them.”

A person with this mentality, who sees himself as guaranteed, displays an arrogant attitude by saying, “Of course, property and children will be given.” He implicitly says: “You describe me as a wrong and perverted person and threaten me with divine punishment. But the truth is, I am richer than you today and I will continue to enjoy my blessings in the future. “Look at my goods, my wealth, my riches and my sons, and then tell me where the punishment of Allah is in this.”

We believe that it would be useful to reconsider our analysis of this passage in the Surah Maryam.

In these verses, it is stated that unbelievers who make lowly attributes to Allah will receive the reward of evil in the afterlife. However, the good news is given that Allah is not like His servants and that if they give up the evil in question, Allah will change them into sublime ones. The passage ends with the verdict that Allah is not in a hurry to punish them, but postpones them to a named time [the afterlife].

¹⁶⁰Whoever brings good, then there will be ten times the like of what he brings for him. And whoever brings evil, he will be recompensed only with the like of it and they will not be treated unjustly.

(An’am/160)

²⁷And those who have earned evil, the recompense of an evil is like of it. And humiliation will encompass them. There will be no protector for them from Allah. Their faces will be as they are covered with a piece of dark nights. They are the companions of the fire. They will abide therein eternally.

(Yunus/27)

¹¹⁴And fulfill your Salah [establish and maintain supporting financially and spiritually; enlightening the community] at the two ends of the day and in the early hours of the night, because good deeds remove evil deeds. This indeed is a reminder for those who take lessons.

(Hud/114)

^68-71And servants of Rahman [Allah; the One Who shows great mercy on the earth to all living beings that He created] do not invoke any other deity with Allah. They do not kill the soul that Allah has forbidden. – They only kill by right. – And they do not commit unlawful sexual intercourse. – And whoever does these, will meet wasting his time/delaying the good/being reluctant for the good/harming. His punishment will be multiplied on the day of Qiyamat [Resurrection] and he will abide there forever, being humiliated. Except for those who repent, believe and do righteous deeds. Thus, Allah replaces their evil deeds with good. And Allah is very forgiving, very merciful. And whoever repents and does righteous deeds, surely he will return to Allah as his repentance is accepted. –

(Furkan/68–71)

^38-44And that one who has believed said: “O my people! Follow me so I may guide you to the path of reason. O my people! This simple life is only a temporary enjoyment. But Akhirat [Afterlife] is definitely what is the home of settlement. Whoever does an evil deed, he will be recompensed only with the same of what he did. And whoever, man or woman, does amendatory deeds while he is a believer, then they will enter Jannah [Heaven/Paradise], being given provisions therein without account”. And he said: “O my people! What is the matter with me that I invite you to the salvation while you invite me to the fire? You invite me to disbelieve in Allah and to associate with Allah that of which I have no knowledge. Yet I invite you to Allah Who is very powerful and very forgiving. It is undisputable that to what you invite me is truly that to which there is no call in this world nor in Akhirat [Afterlife]. And indeed, our return is to Allah. And surely those who show the truth incomplete, are the ones who are the companions of Jahannah [Hell]. And you will soon remember what I say for you. And I rely only on Allah. Surely, Allah is the One Who sees His servants best”.

(Mu’min/38-44)

62- (Analyzed above, after verse 59.)

⁶⁴And We have revealed the Qur’an to you, only so that you may make clear for them that over which they have differed and as a guidance, a mercy for a people who will believe.

Our Lord, 63-69. In the verses, he enumerates some of the blessings he has bestowed on humanity. These blessings are clear evidence of the power and majesty of Allah and the perfection of the laws He has established in the universe. Of course, these are for people who can use their minds and are not slaves to their passions.

The most important of these blessings are the blessings of the “book” and the “messenger”, which will enable man to gain eternal life. Man can find Allah and His true path through these blessings and can only save the world and the afterlife thanks to them.

There are hundreds of verses in the Quran about the book and the messenger being mercy and guidance. The main issues on which people disagree and cause problems are religion, belief in monotheism, the book, Jesus, resurrection after death, haram-halal, etc. The solution of all these conflicts is only possible with the Quran. This verse commands not to use a source of reference other than the Quran in resolving disputes. Because every solution that does not come from God will bring new conflicts.

⁶⁵And Allah has sent down a water from the sky and revived the earth with it after its lifelessness. Indeed, there is an evidence/a sign in this for a people who listen.

⁶⁷And We make you drink from the fruits of date palms and from grapes –and you take drinks and a good provision from it-. Indeed, there is definitely an evidence/a sign in this for a people who use their reason.

In this group of verses, people are reminded of the blessings given to them by the plants and living things on earth.

Rain is one of the most important of these blessings. The vital function of rain, and therefore water, on living things, and especially on humans, is reminded in many verses. The fact that Allah sends rain and revives the dead soil with it is truly a source of lesson for obedient and intelligent societies. This event, which evokes resurrection after death, is shown as evidence of the afterlife in many places in the Quran:

¹⁶⁴Indeed, there are evidences/signs for a people who reason in the formation of the heavens/universe and the earth, the alternation of the night and the day,

the ships that sail through the sea with that which benefits the people,

that Allah sends down a water from the sky and gives life to the earth after its lifelessness with it,

dispersing of every moving creatures on the earth,

directing of the winds,

the cloud that is ready for the command between the sky and the earth.

(Baqara/164)

²⁴And again, among His Ayat is that He shows you the lightning to give you fear and hope. And He sends down a water from the sky and He gives life to the earth after its lifelessness with it. Indeed, there are many evidences/signs in this for a people who will use their reason.

(Rum/24)

^3-5Surely, there are evidences/signs in the heavens/universe and on the earth for the believers. And there are evidences/signs for a people who believe with certain knowledge in the formation of yourselves and in what He disperses of all creatures, small and large. And there are evidences/signs for a people who reason in the alternation of the night and the day one after another and in that which Allah sent down from the sky of provision with which He gives life the earth after its lifelessness and in His directing of the winds.

(Casiye/3- 5)

In verse 66, the biological systems placed in the structure of animals are pointed out and attention is drawn to the fact that the pure milk blessing that people drink with pleasure is produced between the excretory system that produces feces and the circulatory system that provides blood circulation. These miraculous systems are not only available for animals; more complex and perfect ones are also found in the human body. For example, feces, blood and sperm are produced from the food a man consumes. The female body produces feces, blood, eggs and milk with the nutrients it takes. It is possible to expand this to hundreds of systems. Intelligent people know well that these systems did not form by chance, nor were they created by the owner of that body. They have not the slightest doubt that all these biological systems are the work of Almighty Allah.

In verse 67, our Lord draws attention to fruits and states the importance of fruits on human life. The reason why only dates and grapes are mentioned in the verse is because Arabs are more familiar with these fruits. The exemplary features pointed out in the verse are also valid for all fruits such as apples, pears, quinces, plums, apricots and cherries.

“SEKER”

In the verse, the expression “From which you obtain drink and good sustenance-” is mentioned. Some have tried to translate the word “sugar [drink]” in this expression into meanings such as “food, vinegar, nebiz”. However, the word “sugar” means “foggyness, cloudiness, dustiness, turbidity” and means confusion of mind, blurred consciousness, and in slang terms, “highness of the head”. These psychological states are expressed with the word “drunkenness” in Turkish.

Another point that should not be overlooked in the verse is that our Lord reminds those who have not yet believed about these blessings. Therefore, for them, there was no such thing as alcohol was forbidden or allowed. Claiming that this verse was revealed before the prohibition of alcohol and that the provision was abolished afterwards is nothing but not knowing the Quran.

Insha’Allah, we will discuss the details about the drink within the scope of the word “Hamr” while analyzing Bakara/219.

In these verses, our Lord draws attention to another blessing. These are the honey bee and the honey it produces. Our Lord has revealed the following to the honey bee [encoded it in its genes]: It will make nests in mountains, trees and pergolas, eat all kinds of fruits, and follow every easy path. Thus, healing honey will be formed in your belly. Every intelligent person who observes this will find clear evidence in this, and by observing this system in the bee, humanity will learn the production methods of the medicines that heal them.

The verse states how honey produced by female worker honey bees is a useful source of food for humans. Today, it is unquestionably accepted by all medical authorities that honey is healing. Honey contains many vitamins, minerals such as calcium, potassium, magnesium, sodium and phosphorus, copper, iodine, iron, zinc and some hormones.

There is detailed information in scientific and technical books about the honey bee, the structure of honey, the bee’s production of honey, and the benefits of honey.

The original meaning of the word Semerat in the verse is “ma hamele şecer, everything the tree carries”. (Language- Taj)

Everything the tree carries means all the things trees carry, such as fruits, flowers, moss and resin.

In the previous verses, after mentioning that He created plants by sending down water, then animals and the miracles in them, and the blessings obtained from plants and animals, our Lord brought the subject to humans and drew attention to three stages in human life. These are the stages of human creation, death and the worst time of life.

CREATION OF HUMAN

The emphasis on human creation is because a person who does not know his own creation cannot easily accept being recreated after death. This fact was expressed in the Surah Ya Sin as follows.

⁷⁸And he has presented for Us an example, not considering his own formation: He said: “Who will resurrect those bones? While they are decomposed!”.

⁸²Indeed, when He intends a thing, His command/affair is to say to that thing “Be!” and it immediately is.

(Ya Sin/78-82)

THE WORST AGE OF LIFE

Our Lord causes people’s physical and mental states to decline after their strongest periods, so that His servants do not become spoiled, do not become idolaters, do not become pharaohs, and do not forget their own nothingness and that they will definitely return to Allah.

⁶⁸And whoever We grant long life, We reverse him/make him upside down in formation. Despite this, will they still not use their reason?

(Ya Sin/68)

²⁸Allah presents to you an example from yourselves: Do you give the same value to one another, do you become equal to them when you have partners among those who are trusted to you in accordance with the laws in that which We have provided for you? Thus We explain the Ayat for a people who use their reason.

(Rum/54)

⁵O people! If you doubt that you will be resurrected after you die, know that We formed you from dust, and then from a drop of semen, and then from an embryo, and then a disfigured piece of flesh so We may make clear to you what you are. And We keep whom We will in the wombs for a specified term. Then We bring you out as a child so that then you may reach time of maturity. And some of you are reminded that which you did in the past and failed to do while being obliged to/lives of some of you are taken. And some of you are made to reach to miserable time of his life to have no knowledge after his previous knowledge. And then you see the earth barren; then it quivers, swells and grows plants of every beautiful kind when We send down water on it.

(Hajj/5)

In this verse, the mentality that claims that God does not treat people equally is answered by pointing out that the superior-subordinate relationship that prevails in worldly life is a sociological law imposed on humanity. The following points are emphasized in the verse:

* Allah has given some people abundance in wealth, possessions, children, life, and intelligence. Making it redundant should not be understood in the sense of “making it superior”.

* People who have excess do not give what they have equally to those under their control, to their workers, civil servants and employees; They give different answers, taking into account some reasons. They do not hold any of them at the same level as themselves. They don’t share it with them.

After these explanations, our Lord asks: “Then do they knowingly deny the blessing of Allah?” He implicitly gives the following message by saying: “Even you, your employees; You do not accept your slaves and workers as equal partners [partners] to you. You accept the distinction between master and slave, worker and boss, but why don’t you accept that there must be a difference between God and his creatures? Does Allah ever accept His servants as partners?

(Rum/28)

The reason why Allah gives his blessings to his servants in different amounts and therefore some are more than others is for the functioning of the social order:

(Zukhruf/32)

The superior-subordinate relationship in life is a divine law that is put into social life and enables people to establish various social relationships with each other, so that people are tested by the way they establish these relationships. The “elevation through degrees” discussed here is not the differences in terms of miracles, superiority, or prestige, but in terms of economic power, reason, intelligence, understanding, knowledge and ignorance. In a society where everyone is equal in terms of economic power, intelligence and understanding, “employment” and “job production”, which means “people getting work done for each other”, would not be possible; In environments where there is no “employment” and “job production”, life comes to a standstill. However, it should be known that economic or other worldly excesses have no place among the “Judgment Day” criteria on which man’s moral attitude is based. In fact, as long as these excesses do not contribute to a person’s moral maturity, they also constitute the most difficult testing areas in life.

¹³¹And do not extend your eyes/covet for the wealth, properties and children that We have given for enjoyment to some couples among them as ornaments of the simple worldly life to test them. And the provision of your Rabb is better and more enduring.

(Ta Ha/131)

^88,89Do not covet upon that which We have given to some among them and let them enjoy with it; wealth and fortune. Do not grieve over them either… Lower your wings for the believers. And say: “Surely, I am the one who is the clear warner”.

(Hijr/88, 89)

⁷³And they worship that which does not possess and is unable for anything as a provision for themselves from the heavens/universe and the earth from among those that are inferior to Allah.

In the first verse, our Lord continues to remind us of His miraculous blessings and condemns the polytheists, and in the next verse He explains how they are intertwined with falsehood. Because, although Allah has offered them so many miraculous blessings, they are ungrateful and worship things that do not have anything for them as sustenance from the heavens and the earth and are not capable of anything, instead of Allah, who gives those blessings.

One of the indirect messages given in the verse is that the issue of “sustenance” is brought to the agenda and it is pointed out that it is necessary to consider whether the object to be accepted as a “god” at least provides sustenance and whether it has the power to provide it.

The following verses explain who their false gods are and who the real god is:

¹⁰⁰And they attributed unseen forces and entities to Allah partners. Yet is it He Who formed them. They invented sons and daughters without knowledge. –His glory is purified from that which they describe and high above it.-

(An’am/100)

⁹Or do they accept some familiars who help, guide, protect from among those that are inferior to Him? It is Allah Who is the familiar Who helps, guides, protects. And it is He Who resurrects the dead and He is the One Who is competent over everything. ¹¹He is the One Who is the creator of the heavens/universe and the earth from nothing. He created spouses from yourselves and pairs from the cattle for you. He produces and multiplies you in this system. There is nothing like Him. And He is the One Who hears best, sees best. ¹²Keys to the heavens/universe and the earth belong only to Him. He extends provision for whom He wills and manages it. Indeed, He is the One Who knows all best.

(Shura/9-12)

¹Say: “Rabb is Allah Who is the One and the Only, ²is Allah Who is Samed⁵¹, ³He neither begets nor is He begotten. ⁴And nothing has been equivalent to Him; to only Him.”!

(Ihlas/1-4)

This topic is in the 17-22 chapters of the sura. It was explained in detail in the verses. It will be explained again with examples in verses 75, 76.

⁷⁴Then, do not put forth similarities to Allah. Indeed, Allah knows, you do not.

In this verse, people – especially polytheists – are warned very seriously not to compare Allah to servants, belongings and objects.

As you may remember, it is explained in Zumar/3 that the polytheists took some partners and worshiped them in order to get closer to Allah. The polytheists said, “Serving the king’s servants expresses more respect than serving the king directly”, “One cannot enter the presence of elders without permission; They had absurd beliefs such as “There is definitely a need for a reputable intermediary such as a secretary, a janitor, a doorman.” It is known that people with this belief still exist today. In this verse, our Lord rejects such beliefs.

²Surely, We have sent down this book to you in truth. Then, worship Allah by purifying the religion only for Him.

(Zumer/2, 3)

^27,28Indeed, We manipulated/destroyed lands that were your neighbors. We diversified the Ayat over and over again so they might return; they might act in accordance with the principles of Allah. Then, why did those fake gods that they took from among those that are inferior to Allah by which to be closer to Him not help them to avert their punishment? Rather, those fake gods have departed from them and perished. This is their lies/that which they invented.

(Ahqaf/27, 28)

⁷⁵Allah has presented the example of a slave who is under the possession of another one and is not able to do anything, and the one for whom We have provided a good provision, who spends secretly and openly from it for the cause of Allah/provides sustenance for his relatives: Can they be equal? –All praise is to Allah; no one else may be praised.- Rather, most of the people do not know.

In these verses, our Lord explains the difference between Himself and the so-called gods of the foolish with an example.

First example:

Consider a slave who has no power to do anything on his own, and a free person who gives a lot, secretly and openly, and is rich and generous. Are these two ever equal?

So, just as it is not possible to consider these two as equal, even though they are equal in terms of creation, shape and being human, can God, who is able to provide and give sustenance, and idols, who have nothing and cannot do anything, be equal?

Second example:

Again two people; Although they are both the same in terms of being human, one of them is mute, incompetent and a burden to those around him. The other is a strong person, upholding justice and on the right path. So, are these two people equal?

In this example, the mute person represents the idol, and the person who provides justice represents Allah.

Therefore, imperfect beings and God, who is independent of Samed and the worlds, are never the same.

In this verse, our Lord explains that He has the knowledge about many miracles that people have not yet discovered in the universe, and especially about the apocalypse [the end of the order of the universe], and states that the coming of the apocalypse is very simple for Him.

⁵⁰And Our command is but one like blink of an eye; it is instant.

(Camer/50)

²⁸Your formation and your resurrection after death is just like of a single one. Surely, Allah is the One Who hears best, sees best.

(Luqman/28)

⁷⁸And Allah brought you forth from the wombs of your mothers while you knew nothing and gave you hearing, sight and intellect so you may repay for the blessings you are given.

In this group of verses, our Lord again enumerates the blessings He has given to humans: He has made humans valuable by informing them, and equipped them with senses and emotions. After mentioning these blessings, our Lord drew people’s attention to the flight of birds and clouds in the sky, the weather and the power of the air, and therefore the importance of all these for humanity. If clouds were not created to fly, the winds would not be able to carry them, and if the cycle of water in nature did not exist, the earth would not be suitable for plants and other living species to live at any time. The blessings that are reminded to people are not limited to these. The shades, trees, caves and clouds provided by the creatures created by our Lord; Clothes, tents, houses, armor and upholstery fabrics obtained from animals to protect humans from the heat also show our Lord’s generosity and kindness to humans. The types of blessings listed in the verses specifically refer to those found in the Arabian geography. It should be understood from the enjoyment of these blessings that the blessings in other geographies were also bestowed on humanity for the same purpose.

All the blessings mentioned in the passage show the perfection of God’s power. All of them are definitive evidence for those who can use their minds.

The messages given in the passage are also expressed in other verses:

²³Say: “He is the One Who built you, made for you ears, eyes and hearts. How less you repay for the blessings you have!”

²⁴Say: “He is the One Who produced and multiplied you on the earth and you will be gathered and brought to Him”.

(Mulk/23, 24)

¹⁹And do they not observe that which flies over them in lines being rolled? None but Rahman [Allah; the One Who shows great mercy on the earth to all living beings that He created] holds them. He surely is the One Who sees all things best.

(Property/19)

⁴³Have you not seen/thought about that Allah drives clouds and then gathers them together and then piles them over each other? And you see that He brings rain out from them. And He descends clouds like mountains from the sky which contains hail within them and strikes with them whom He wills, and keeps them away from whom He wills. And the flash of the lightning almost takes away the eyesight!

(Nur/43)

⁸²And if they turn away despite this, upon you is only an explicit conveyance.

⁸³They know the favor of Allah, then they deny it. Most of them are infidels; those who consciously deny the divinity of Allah and the fact that He is Rabb.

In these verses of the Surah, our Lord states that the unbelievers actually know the blessings of Allah, but are ungrateful despite this, and asks his messenger to do his duty of conveying the message and not to think about the rest. Because if they still resist despite all these explanations, it means there is nothing else to be done.

⁸⁵And when those who do wrong; act against their own good by associating others with Allah see the punishment, it will not be lightened from them and they will not be given respite.

In these verses, it is stated that the unbelievers will be brought to witness that they are unbelievers. These witnesses mentioned are the prophets sent to those ummahs, the person’s self, his relatives, the revelations and his society.

Our Lord’s testing of people is not to teach, but to bear witness to the world and the afterlife. No one should be able to object to the decision about them. Just like the purpose of teachers in schools to test their students is not to learn from the students, but to determine and witness the situation of the students taking the exam.

On the Day of Judgment, people’s own selves, relatives, society, messengers and revelations will testify for people.

You can also look at the following verses regarding this subject.

Baqara/ 143, Hajj 78, Fajr/21-23, Nisa/ 41, 159, Nahl/84, 89, Qaf/ 21, Mu’min/51, Hud/18, 19, Qasas/ 75, Fussilat/20-22 , Nur/ 24, Ya Sin/ 65, Furkan/30, Maide/116-118.

⁸⁷And on that day they will submit to Allah. And that which they invented will depart from them and perish.

In these verses, a scene from the interrogation of the polytheists in the afterlife is narrated. In this scene, the message is given to the polytheists that it will snow on the mountains they trust. Because their so-called gods, whom they want to blame for their own faults, will say that it was not they who deceived them, and that the polytheists were nothing but liars.

⁸²Certainly not as they think! Those idols that they have taken will not accept their worship and will be opponents against them.

(Meryem/82)

⁶And when the people are gathered, those whom they invoked will be enemies to them. And they will be the ones who will deny their worship

(Ahqaf/6)

⁶³Those upon whom the Word will be fulfilled will say: Our Rabb! These are the ones whom we made transgress. We made them transgress just as we transgressed. We have been afar from you. They did not worship only us”.

(Kasas/63)

Ve Sebe/40, 41, Furkan/17-19, Ankebut/25.

The expression “And they submitted to Allah that day” in verse 87 means that the polytheists will have no choice but to raise the flag of surrender that day. The humiliation of the polytheists that day is mentioned many times in the Quran (Zumar/55-60, Mulk/9-11, Furqan/12-14, Anbiya/39, 40, Meryem/38, Sajdah/12, A’raf/38). has been expressed.

In this group of verses, another interrogation scene in the apocalypse is displayed and the polytheists continue to be warned. The type of criminals in this scene are those who do more than commit individual crimes and try to mislead others besides themselves. Such criminals will suffer torment after torment. Because, as if their own crimes were not enough, they also committed crime after crime by misleading others.

(Ankebut/13)

(Nisa/85)

Prophets will be witnesses about these criminals, their communities will be witnesses, and even their own organs will be witnesses against them.

⁴¹How will it be when We bring a witness from every people and bring you as a witness over them?

(Nisa/41)

¹⁴³Thus We have made you a righteous people with a leader so you may testify over the people and the Messenger; the Qur’an may testify over you. And We have determined the goal/strategy that is upon you so We may separate; mark and show/declare those who would follow the Messenger from those who would turn back on their heels. This goal/strategy We have determined is indeed very difficult for the people except for those whom Allah guides. And Allah would not to make your faith get lost. No doubt that Allah is very compassionate, very merciful to all people.

(Baqara/143)

²⁴On that day, their tongues, hands and feet will bear witness against them to what they did.

(Nur/24)

⁶⁴Lean onto it today for that which you denied/disbelieved consciously! ⁶⁵Today We will seal their mouths; their hands will speak to us and their feet will testify to that which they have earned.

(Ya Sin/65)

²⁰And when they arrive there, their senses of hearing, sight and their skin will testify against them about that which they did.

(Fussilet/20)

Detailed information is given in the analysis of Verse 84.

The last sentence of the 89th verse, meaning “We have sent down this book to you, explaining everything and as a guide, a mercy and good news to Muslims”, is directed towards the Quran. The guidance, mercy and good news of the Quran has been emphasized many times before. The feature of “explaining everything” in the same sentence is emphasized in the following verses:

^41,42Surely, those who consciously deny the Reminder/the Qur’an when it comes to them… And surely, that Reminder/Book is sent down by the One Who is the best law maker, the One Who precludes corruption best/makes incorruptible, the One Who is praised, the praiseworthy. It is a noble book to which no falsehood can approach from before it and behind it/from anywhere.

(Fussilet/41, 42)

³⁸And there are no moving creatures, small-large, and no birds flying with its two wings on the earth except that they are a community with a leader like you. We left nothing out/missing in the Book. Then they will be gathered to their Rabb.

(An’am/38)

⁹⁰Indeed, Allah commands justice, doing good deeds and giving to people; traveling paupers –who have been expelled out of their homes and deprived of their wealth while seeking for the gifts and acceptance of Allah, and they help Allah and His messenger. He forbids immorality, evil deeds and transgression. He reminds you so you may reason and take lessons.

Our Lord’s statement in verse 89, “We have sent down this book to you, explaining everything and as a guide, a mercy and good news to Muslims” is explained in this verse. This verse contains the main principles that will ensure social order on earth. These principles direct humanity towards justice, goodness and beauty; These are the principles that prohibit immorality, evil and indecency.

عدالةADALET

This word means “one to one correspondence, balance, equivalence, equality” in the dictionary.[5] Conceptually, it means “creating equal conditions so that everyone can have their share of rights, without any restrictions.” For example, in a society, citizenship rights should be equal for everyone regardless of their language, religion, ethnicity and gender. The penalties imposed should be equal for everyone, without discrimination, and proportional to the crime.

Justice is the most important value that keeps societies alive.

⁸O you who have believed! Be those who maintain justice and equity, who know and convey them well for Allah. And do not let your hatred for a people drag you to commit injustice. Be just because being just is closer to enter under the guardianship of Allah. Enter under the guardianship of Allah. Indeed, Allah is aware of what you do.

(Maide/8)

⁵⁸Surely, Allah commands you to entrust civil services to those who are competent and to judge with justice when you judge between people. Surely, how excellent advise that Allah gives you with this. Indeed, Allah is the One Who hears best, sees best.

(Nisa/58)

²⁶O David! Indeed We/we have made you governor after the former governor in this land. Then, establish justice among the people with the truth, prevent injustice and chaos. Do not follow desire. Then, it will lead you astray from the path of Allah. Indeed those who go astray from the path of Allah; severe punishment is for them for they do not care about the day of account.

(Sad/26)

²⁵Surely, We sent our messengers with clear evidences and We sent down with them the book and the balance so people may maintain justice and equity and Allah may determine/mark and show those who help His religion and messengers where noone sees them and knows them. And We sent down iron as well in which is a great power and many benefits for the people. Indeed, Allah is very powerful, almighty.

(Hadid/25)

²⁹Say: “My Rabb has commanded justice and equity. And turn your face; yourself to Him at every masjid’s [school] nearby; in public and invoke your Rabb by purifying the religion only for Him. You will return to Him as He created you first.”

(A’raf/ 29)

¹³⁵O you who have believed! Be those who know and convey justice and equity well and be those who maintain/seek justice and equity for Allah as the ones who testify for Allah even if it is against yourselves, your parents and relatives. Whether rich or poor, know that Allah is closer to both. Do not follow your vain, transitory desire in order to be able to establish justice. If you distort or turn away, know that Allah is definitely aware of what you do.

(Nisa/135)

İHSAN

The word “ihsan” generally means producing goodness and beauty; It is used in meanings such as being generous, tolerant, forgiving, compassionate and kind, and being unselfish. However, the real meaning of the word is “improvement-beautification”. The “bestowal” commanded by our Lord is a comprehensive command that includes actions to heal and beautify the evil and ugliness in ourselves, our family, our environment and our country. In this sense, “bestowal” is a conscious and active healing and beautification activity that goes beyond a passive state of well-being and affects the environment.

GIVING TO RELATIVES

While our Lord commanded to give to relatives [relatives formed by blood and marriage ties], He did not specify what to give. Thus, the things to be given to relatives have become generalized. This means that anything can be given to relatives, ranging from love, greetings and good treatment to all kinds of material and spiritual help and support. By commanding “to give to relatives”, our Lord gives the message that bearing the material and spiritual problems of relatives is within the moral responsibility of humanity, especially believers.

This message is also included in other verses:

¹O mankind! Enter under the guardianship of your Rabb Who formed you from a single self, then formed its mate from it and dispersed many men and women from both of them. And enter under the guardianship of Allah through Whom you ask one another and of the blood relation. Indeed, Allah is the One Who watches over you.

(Nisa/ 1)

^23,24And your Rabb has decreed that you do not worship anyone but Him, and to treat mother and father good and make them better. If one of them or both attain old ages while they are with you, do not say “ah!” to them, do not rebuke them; treat them very sensitive. And speak to both of them noble, sweet and good words. And descend your wings of humbleness for them out of your mercy. And say: “My Rabb! Have mercy upon them as they raised me as a person who is of good manners when I was a little child”.

²⁵Your Rabb knows well what is within yourselves. If you should be righteous, He surely is forgiving to those who turn to Him completely.

^26,27Give their rights to the poor who were driven out from their lands, paupers and the ones who are away from their lands and are not able to turn back. And do not spend wastefully/do not spend for evil. – Indeed those who spend wastefully/spend for evil are brothers of the devils. And Satan is very ungrateful to his Rabb. –

(Isra/23-27)

FAHSHA [IMMACY]

The word “فحشاء Fahsha” means “ugly deed, disgraceful words or behavior, exceeding the required limit, being excessive in words and answers”. The plural of the word is “فواحش fevahiş”.

Linguist Ragıb el-İsfehanî also defined the words “Fuhş”, “prostitute” and “prostitute” as “extremely ugly words and actions” in his dictionary.[6]

The word “prostitute”, which is described as “bad deed” in Âl-i Imran/135, is used in thirteen places in the Quran, and the plural word “fevahiş” is used in four places. The word is generally used for more than one extreme in the Quran. Since both what these extremes are and our other explanations about this concept were previously given in the analysis of the Surah An-Najm, we recommend that the details be read from there.

MUNKAR [EVIL]

“Munkar” are things that are considered bad by humanity and ugly by Almighty Allah.

In the Qur’an, our Lord points out that humanity is equipped with a conscience that can correctly distinguish between good and bad, useful and harmful, beautiful and ugly, positive and negative things, behaviors and facts with the commandment “command what is good” and “forbid what is evil”. A human being, who can evaluate what is good and what is bad with this conscientious ability built into his nature, cannot use this internal mechanism carefully without the transcendental, transcendental, divine-derived value measures that limit him, on the contrary, he attempts to legitimize the bad, the ugly and the wrong by using various psychological mechanisms. “The devil’s ability to make his own deeds look beautiful and fancy” can also be considered as an internal trap that people who do not realize these legitimizing psychological mechanisms fall into. By prohibiting “munkar”, which man recognizes as right with his common sense, our Lord supports humanity’s conscience and gives it a strong religious sanction that will prevent evil and evil. Because a person cannot control himself sufficiently even to avoid things that he knows are absolutely harmful. The fact that the ban on alcoholic beverages introduced in the USA in the 1930s was not successful despite all legal pressures, and the significant decrease in the rate of alcohol consumption in Islamic societies is a good example of how effective religious sanctions are in preventing the “bad”.

البغىBAĞY [DEVIATION]

البغىBağy” in the dictionary means “rape, apostasy, cruelty, arrogance and corruption”.[7] Since the word is used in a general sense in the verse in question, it expresses all kinds of excesses and unjust rebellion, whether against God or against creatures.

³³Say: “Indeed my Rabb has only made haram/forbidden immoralities; what is apparent and concealed of them, harms, oppression without right, and associating those things with Allah about which Allah sent no authority and saying things about Allah that you do not know.”

(A’raf/33)

In these verses, our Lord commands a moral rule that is of vital importance for the smooth running of social life, and it is stated that whether believers act in accordance with this moral rule will be a test that brings responsibility for them. The moral rule in question is the principle of “fidelity to contracts”, which is considered an indispensable part of social life. People should keep their promises, abide by the contracts they make, and oaths and promises should never be used as a means of deception.

³⁴And do not approach the property of an orphan – except in the way that is the best – until he reaches age of ability to distinguish between good and evil. Fulfill you promise you have given/your covenants. Indeed, in promise that is given is a liability.

(Isra/34)

¹⁵²And do not approach orphan’s property, -But until he reaches the age that he is able to distinguish between good and evil, you can approach in a way which is best and spend in the appropriate way.-,

(An’am/152)

“ALLAH’S COVENANT”

This expression refers to every word that a person undertakes with his own will and choice. Almighty Allah condemns people breaking the agreements they made with their own wishes and preferences, and severely scolds those who do so. Breaking the covenant [promise] is one of the actions cursed by Allah. The reason for this is that breaking the covenant causes great harm to society.

Those who break their covenant are also described in the Surah al-Falaq as “those who spit and blow on knots”:

^1-5Say: “I seek refuge in Rabb, Allah Who systematically removes all afflictions, from the evil of that which He formed and the evil of darkness when it settles and the evil of those who spit and blow on the knots/those who do not comply with the covenants and from the evil of an envier when he envies.

(Falaq/1-5)

⁸And they are the ones who are faithful to their trusts and covenants.

(Mu’minun/8)

²²Except “Those who fulfill Salah” [those who made supporting financially and spiritually; enlightening the community their principle].

²³Those who fulfill Salah are the ones who maintain their Salah [supporting financially and spiritually; enlightening the community].

^24,25And those who fulfill Salah are the ones within whose wealth is a known right for those poor who ask and are shy to ask.

²⁶And those who fulfill Salah acknowledge the day of recompense.

²⁷And those who fulfill Salah are the ones who fear the punishment of their Rabb.

–²⁸Indeed, the punishment of their Rabb is not that from which one is safe.-

^29-31And those who fulfill Salah are the ones who guard their chastity. –Except for their spouses and those whom their covenants possess³¹⁸. Because, they will not be condemned when they approach them. Those who seek beyond that; they are the transgressors.-

³²And those who fulfill Salah stand behind their trust and promises.

³³And those who fulfill Salah fulfill their testimonies.

³⁴And those who fulfill Salah maintain their Salah [principles of supporting financially and spiritually; enlightening the community].

³⁵And these ones who fulfill Salah will be hosted in Jannah [Heaven/Paradise].

(Mearic/22- 35)

And Bakara/177, Ahzab/23, Ra’d/20, Bakara/40, Ahzab/15, Al-i Imran/76.

The situation of those who take an oath, make a covenant, and then break their covenant after strengthening it is likened to the situation of a woman who spins her wool and unties it again after having spun it securely. A woman trying to unravel the wool she spun herself is a depiction used to characterize those who break their covenant. Even though this analogy, made according to Arab custom, is included in the narrations where it refers to a specific woman, it is clear that the personality it characterizes includes all men and women who break their covenant.

Regarding the verse, the following quotation is found in classical works:

According to what is reported, Amr b. Ka’b b. Sa’d b. Teym b. There was a foolish woman known as Rayta, the daughter of Murre. This woman used to do it this way. This analogy is for him. Al-Ferra made this statement. Abdullah b. Kesir and es-Süddi also reported this, but did not give the woman’s name.[8]

Unfortunately, when it comes to economic, political and personal interests, it is observed that many people who are well-known in society and have distinguished themselves with various characteristics easily break their commitments and try not to fulfill their promises by citing various excuses. The moral indiscipline of Muslim societies on this issue is so widespread that it can be described as a social wound. Like many other moral values, Muslims should well understand and internalize the basic moral parameters of the Quran in matters such as keeping their word, fulfilling their covenants, and complying with the requirements of their oaths, and thus attain a personality suitable for setting an example to the society in terms of morality.

⁸⁹Allah will not hold you responsible for your oaths you take unintentionally/utter out of habit. However, He will hold you responsible for the oaths you take intentionally/under covenant; its expiation is the feeding of ten needy people with the best of which you feed your families or clothing them. Or, to free a slave. For whoever can not find anything to give is to fast for three days. This is the expiation for the oaths when you break. And guard your oaths. Thus Allah makes His Ayat clear for you so you may repay.

(Maide/89)

⁹⁵And do not sell the covenants of Allah/promises that are given to Allah for a price. And if you should know, what is with Allah; it is better for you.

⁹⁶What is with you will end but what is with Allah is everlasting. And We will definitely give to those who are patient their reward with much better than what they do.

Our Lord’s directives regarding social principles continue in this group of verses. The expressions of the verses are clear and eloquent enough for everyone to understand.

Verse 93: “And if Allah had willed, He would have made you all one nation. But Allah leads astray whom He wills and guides whom He wills [He leads astray whom He wills and guides whom He wills]”, “He would make you have a single religion, He would make you like robots; But he left you free, he gave you free will and the right to choose.”

In verse 94, it is requested not to abuse oaths [contracts] and it is stated that the bad consequences of doing so will also affect those who betray the contracts.

²²⁴And do not make Allah an obstacle for your oaths against being a righteous person, entering under the guardianship of Allah, making peace among people; do not say, “I would do it but I have sworn to Allah so I can not break my oath”. And Allah is the One Who hears best, knows best.

(Baqara/224)

In the 95th verse, general moral principles are pointed out and behaviors such as changing religion for benefit, flattery, false witness, abusing office for personal gain, supporting and cooperating with tyrants for profit, bribery and extortion are prohibited.

⁹⁷And whoever does good deeds, whether female or male, We will make her/him live a good life. And We surely will give them their reward with much better than what they do.

Our Lord, who gives a series of directives for social peace and welfare, gives the good news that He will grant those who comply with these directives and do good deeds a beautiful and peaceful life in this world and better rewards in the afterlife than what they have done. Accordingly, in return for every work done with faith, a man or woman will have a comfortable, peaceful and happy life in this world and a better reward in the afterlife than what they have done. Moreover, those who do the best work will be rewarded as if they had done it all their lives.

As it is clearly seen in the verse, the effectiveness of deeds is conditional on being a believer. The deeds of those who do not have faith will not work.

¹⁰⁵They were the ones who consciously denied/disbelieved in the Ayat of their Rabb and meeting Him so, all deeds that they did have become worthless. On the day of Qiyamat [Resurrection], We will not take them into account/give them any importance.

(Kahf/105)

⁹¹Indeed, those who disbelieved; consciously denied the divinity of Allah and the fact that He is Rabb and die while they are disbelievers; never will the whole capacity of earth of gold be accepted from any of them –even if they give it as ransom/compensation-. It is those for whom an unbearable punishment will be. And there will be no helpers for them.

(Al-i Imran/91)

^7-8And whoever does an atom’s weight of good, he will see it; and whoever does an atom’s weight of evil, he will see it.

(Zilzal/7, 8)

In these verses, our Lord draws attention to the great danger that awaits humanity. This danger is Satan-i Racim. A person should do the things he does for the sake of Allah and should not let Satan the Merciful interfere in those things. If Satan-i Racim has a share in the deeds done, it means that these deeds cease to be good deeds.

⁹⁶Repel evil by that which is best. We know very well that which they ascribe.

^97,98And say: “My Rabb! I seek refuge in You from the incitements of the devils! And my Rabb! I seek refuge in You from that they would be present with me as well.”.

(Mu’minun/96-98)

TAKING REFUGE IN ALLAH FROM THE DEVIL:

Seeking refuge in Allah from the devil is to utter the phrase “Euzu billahi mine’ş-şeytanirracim [I seek refuge in Allah from the accursed Satan]” or “O Allah, I seek refuge in you from the devil, protect me from him!” It doesn’t mean.

Seeking refuge in Allah from Satan:

* It is to weigh the thoughts and deeds imposed by Satanic types and forces on the scales of the Quran sent by Allah.

* It is to treat the poisons that Satan has injected into our minds and ideas with the antidote that Allah offers us in the Quran.

* It means learning the truth from Allah and preventing the devil from misleading us.

* Just as a ship caught in a storm immediately takes shelter in the harbour, it is to immediately embrace the Quran and solve problems with the Quran. It should be known that these problems cannot be solved by reading the Quran without understanding it.

The directive to seek refuge in Allah from the accursed Satan is not an order that can be fulfilled by simply saying the word refuge. Because the verse says, “Say, I seek refuge in Allah!” or “Say, I want to take refuge in Allah!” not, “Seek refuge in Allah/believe in your refuge!” It is said.

Then, as we said above, the thing to do is for a person to surrender to God’s words and organize his life only according to those words. As a result, a person must definitely focus on exercising his mind and seek refuge in Allah and His book in order to be protected from the devils who constantly whisper to the heart. Considering the Faith meaning of the letter “s” in the expression “we want” in the verse, it is understood that taking refuge in Allah is possible by “reading the Quran”.

The Merciful Satan only gives misgivings to people. No matter how much he whispers, he has no coercive power over people.

Some of the verses on the subject are as follows: (Hajj/52, A’raf/201, Sad/82-83, Ibrahim/22, Ba¬kara/168, 169, Bakara/208, Nisa/38, Nisa/76, Mücadele/19 , Zukhruf/36, 37, En’am/121, A’raf/27, A’raf/30, Isra/26, 27, Meryem/44.

Since the subject of “Seeking refuge in Allah from Satan-i Racim” has been previously discussed in the Surahs A’raf and Fussilat, we recommend that the detail be read from there.

¹⁰¹And when We have brought another Ayah in place of an Ayah –despite Allah being the One Who knows better what He has revealed- they said: “You are nothing but an inventor”. Truly, most of them do not know.

¹⁰³And We certainly know that they say: “Only a human is teaching him”. Language of the one whom they refer to teach the prophet is foreign. But, the Qur’an is in explicit Arabic.

In the hundred and first verse, our Lord explains that He removed some verses and replaced them with other verses. A similar explanation was made in the Surah Baqara:

¹⁰⁶Whatever We remove of an Ayah/evidence/sign or do not allow it to be said, We bring forth a better one or similar one. Do you not know that Allah is indeed the One Who is the most competent over everything?

(Baqara/106)

In these verses, our Lord points out the issue of removing some of the local and temporary revelations that came to the prophets, except for those that contain universal provisions. Accordingly, our Lord removed the local and periodical principles in the books He sent before and replaced them with universal and all-time principles with the Quran. The meaning of the “removal” process mentioned here is not changing, forgetting or abandoning the revelations that came to the Messenger of Allah. Our Lord stated in the Quran in the first revelations that these would not be the case:

^6-8Hereafter We will render in you a knowledgebase and make it to be conveyed to the others and you will not forget/abandon. Except what Allah wills. Indeed, He knows what is disclosed and what is hidden. And We will ease for you “The Easiest”/that which will make you happy the most.

(A’la/6-8)

The issue of abrogation is given in more detail in the analysis of Baqara/106.

In verses 101 and 102, the issue of the revelation of the Quran is mentioned again, the doubts put forward about the Quran are explained and reasonable and satisfactory answers are given to these doubts.

As can be seen, it is clearly stated in verse 101 that the Quran is “the revelation of Allah”. Those who interpret the phrase “Holy Spirit” in verse 102 as “Gabriel” claim that the angel named Gabriel sent down the Quran based on their interpretations.

For this reason, we feel the need to remind again about the “Ruhu’l-Qudus” and related issues, which we have previously discussed in detail.

ANALYSIS OF THE PHRASE “RUHÜ’L-QUDS”:

The main meaning of the word “ruh” is “soul [the substance that keeps the body alive]”.[9] However, the word is not used in this sense in the Quran, but in the sense of “the soul, the revelation that makes people and societies alive and healthy in social life”. The details of this issue are stated in the analysis of the Surah Qadr.

The meaning of the word “Jerusalem” depends on the acceptance of which word this word comes from, and there are two possibilities for this:

1- If it is accepted that the word comes from the word “kuds” meaning “cleaning”, then the word “kudüs” also means “clean”. The word “Kuds” and its derivatives such as “mukaddes”, “mukaddesat”, “nukaddisü” are mentioned eleven times in the Quran.

2- If it is accepted that the word is corrupted from the word “قدّوسKuddüs”, which is one of the names of Allah, then the word “Jerusalem” means “pure from all impurities, pure”. The word “Quddus”, which is used only for Allah, is mentioned in two places in the Quran, in the 23rd verse of Hashr sura and the 1st verse of Friday surah.

Since the meanings of the words “Ruh” and “Jerusalem” are clear, the meaning of the phrase “Ruhü’l-Jerusalem” has two options, depending on which of the two meanings above will be accepted:

1- If it is accepted that the meaning of the word “Jerusalem” is “clean”, the phrase “Ruhü’l-Kudüs” means “Pure divine knowledge, clean knowledge coming from Allah”.

2- If it is accepted that “el-Kuddüs”, one of the names of Allah, has changed over time and turned into “Jerusalem” in popular speech, the meaning of the phrase “Ruhü’l-Kuddüs” is “The spirit [soul] of the Immaculate [Allah, who is cleansed from all flaws]” It means “revelation, knowledge”. As a matter of fact, Mujahid and Rebii, two of the classical commentators, said that the word “al-Qudus” is one of the names of Allah. In line with this acceptance, the view that the expression “Ruhu’l-Qudus” means “the spirit of Allah” already finds support from the Quran. Because every word “spirit” in the Quran is attributed to Allah. For example, just as it was said “We breathed our Spirit” into Adam and Mary, the expression “Our Spirit” was also used for the information conveyed by the messenger Zakariyya (as) to Mary:

As a result, the analysis made by taking into account the differences in the place of origin of the word “Jerusalem” shows that the expression “Ruh al-Qudus” means “the spirit of Allah, the revelation of Allah, the knowledge coming from Allah”. It is easily understood from the verses in which the phrase is mentioned that the phrase “Ruhü’l-Kudüs” carries this meaning.

If we return to our topic, Nahl/102, it is necessary to first know how this verse is interpreted in the existing meanings. In many meanings, especially in the meaning prepared by the Presidency of Religious Affairs, it is accepted that the Holy Spirit is “Gabriel” and the verse is generally interpreted as follows:

“Say to them: Gabriel revealed the Qur’an in truth from your Lord, to strengthen those who believe and to be guidance and good news for the Muslims.”

However, in our translation, the word “Ruh al-Qudus” descends, not descends. The fact that the verse begins with the phrase “Servant [Say]” shows that this verse is an answer to someone. For this reason, the verse should be evaluated together with the other verses that make up the paragraph. The paragraph to which the verse belongs is 101–103. It consists of verses. Accordingly, the paragraph is as follows:

¹⁰¹And when We have brought another Ayah in place of an Ayah –despite Allah being the One Who knows better what He has revealed- they said: “You are nothing but an inventor”. Truly, most of them do not know.

¹⁰²Say: “Allah has sent it; what He has revealed, down in truth as a principle of Allah [Ruh al-Qudus, Holy Spirit] which revitalizes the society from your Rabb to make those who believe stronger, firmer/cling and as a good tiding and a guidance for the Muslims.

¹⁰³And We certainly know that they say: “Only a human is teaching him”. Language of the one whom they refer to teach the prophet is foreign. But, the Qur’an is in explicit Arabic.

(Nahl/101–103)

As can be seen, it is clearly stated in verse 101 that the Quran is “the revelation of Allah”. However, regarding the 102nd verse, the non-Quranic acceptance that the angel Gabriel sent down the Quran has led to the contradiction between the meanings of the 102nd verse and the 101st verse being ignored.

This problem in the official mushaf is solved in two ways. Namely:

Considering the expression “والله اعلم بما ينزل” in verse 101, the perpetrator of the verb “نزلnezzele” in verse 102 must be “اللهAllah”. In this case, the authority of the pronoun “هHu” is “101. The name “ماma” in the verse will be mevsul. In the face of these facts, the expression read as “روح القدسruhulkudüs” in the text of the verse should be read as “hal” as “ruhalkudüs”.

The result is, in summary, the following: The expressions “Ruhu’l-Qudus” used in the Quran mean “Revelation, pure, solid information coming from God” and definitely do not mean “the angel of revelation called Gabriel”.

The expression “er-Ruhü’l-Emîn”, which occurs only once in the Quran, should be considered in this context:

¹⁹²And surely, this clear book is sent down by Rabb of all universes.

Shuara/192–196)

This expression, which appears as “er-Ruhü’l-Emîn” as an adjective phrase in Şuara/193, is interpreted as “ruhü’l-emin” as if it were a noun phrase, thus causing major mistakes. As a matter of fact, the traditional understanding, which is based on the preconception that the Quran was sent down by the angel named Gabriel, misinterpreted this verse as “Ruhu’l-Amin [Gabriel] sent it down” and caused it to be engraved in minds with this mistake. However, this meaning is not in accordance with the literal meaning of the verse, and it contradicts both the statement “It is the revelation of the Lord of the worlds [Allah]” in Shuara/192 and hundreds of verses stating that the Quran was sent down by Allah. This contradiction again arises from the fact that the verb “nezele [indi]” is expressed as “indirdi”, which has a transitive meaning, even though it is intransitive. However, in order to eliminate this contradiction created in the meaning of hundreds of verses, it is sufficient to take the letter “be” in the expression “bihi” in the verse to mean “musahabe” rather than “ilsak”. In this case, the verb “nezele” is expressed intransitively as “he came down with it” and the contradiction created with other verses is eliminated.

As a result, it is wrong to personify the expression “er-Ruhü’l-Emin” in Şuara/193 and interpret it as “Gabriel”. The “spirit, knowledge, revelation”, which is described here as “safe, reliable, solid” and which is reported to have been sent down to the heart of our Prophet by Allah in order to ensure that he would be one of the warners, was also sent down by Allah to strengthen the believers, as is clearly stated in Challenge 22.

There are around three hundred verses in the Quran about the revelation of the Quran, the revelation of the book, the revelation of the verses, the revelation of the surahs, the revelation of angels [revelations], the revelation of wisdom, the revelation of the Torah, the revelation of the Bible, the revelation of Furqan. available. In all of these verses, it is stated that it is Allah who sent them down. There is and cannot be any verse stating that someone else sent down the Quran… Because the Quran never contradicts itself.

As understood from our subject, Nahl/102, 103, these verses were revealed about some events:

“We know that they said, ‘Surely a human being is teaching him'” in his command, Hz. There are different opinions about the name of this person who they say teaches the Prophet. According to one view, this person is al-Fâkih b. He was al-Mughira’s slave and his name was Cebr. He was first a Christian, then converted to Islam. When the infidels of Quraysh heard the news about past and future events from the Prophet (pbuh) – even though he was illiterate and had not read any books – they said, “Certainly Jabr is teaching him these.” Cebr was a non-Arab. Almighty Allah answers their claims as follows: “The language of the person they mean by disbelief is foreign. This is clear Arabic.” How can Cebr, who is not an Arab, teach him such a word, which no human being or jinn has been able to produce by opposing a single sura or more of it?

According to what an-Nakkash narrated, Jabr’s master was beating him and saying to him: “You are teaching Muhammad, huh!” He said: “I swear to God, no! On the contrary, he teaches me and guides me to the truth,” he said.

Ibn Ishaq says: According to what was reported to me, the Prophet (pbuh) used to sit a lot with a Christian slave named Jabr, who was the slave of the sons of al-Hadrani. This person was someone who had read the [previous] books. Thereupon, the polytheists said, “I swear to God, none other than this Christian Jabr teaches Muhammad what he brought.”

Ikrime said, “This person’s name was Yaish, he was a slave of the sons of al-Hadrami. The Messenger of Allah (pbuh) was teaching him the Holy Quran.” This is narrated by al-Mawardi.

According to what es-Sa’lebi reported from Ikrime and Qatada, this was a slave of the sons of Mughira and his name was Yaish. He knew how to read non-Arabic books. This verse was revealed after the Quraysh said, “Indeed, a human being is teaching him.”

According to al-Mahdawi’s narration from Ikrima, this is the case of ‘Amir b. He was a slave of the sons of Luey and his name was Yaish.

Abdullah b. Muslim al-Hadrami said: We had two Christian slaves from the Aynu’t-Tamrids. One of them was named Yesar and the other was called Cebr. El-Mawardî, el-Kuşeyrî and es-Sa’lebî also reported this. However, es-Sa’lebî also says the following: The name of one of them was Nebt and his name was Ebu Fükeyhe. The other one was called Cebr. Both of them were sword makers and sword sharpeners. They were reading a book they had in their hands. es-Sa’le¬bî (continuing) says: They used to read the Torah and the Bible. el-Mawardi and el-Mahdevî said, “They used to read the Torah.” The Messenger of Allah (pbuh) would pass by them and listen to them recite. When the polytheists said, “He learns from these,” Almighty Allah sent down this verse and denied the polytheists.

According to another view, the polytheists meant Salman al-Farisi (r.a) with these words. Ad-Dahhak stated this.

According to another view, this person was a Christian in Mecca named Bel’am. This was someone who also read the Torah. Ibn Abbas made this statement. The polytheists also saw the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) entering and leaving this place. That’s why they said, “Only Bel’am taught him this.” Al-Kutebî says: There was a Christian man in Mecca who spoke Greek and was called Abu Maysara. Sometimes the Prophet (pbuh) would sit next to him. This verse was revealed when the unbelievers said, “Surely Muhammad is learning from him.”

According to a rumor, this person is Utbe b. Rabia’s slave is Addas. This is Huwaytib b. It was also said that they were Abduluzza’s slave Abis and İbnü’l-Hadramî’s slave Yesar Ebu Fükeyhe. They both embraced Islam. Allah knows the truth best.

I say: All of these are possible. Because the Prophet (pbuh) may have sat next to them at different times with the intention of teaching them what Allah had taught him. This was also happening in Mecca. An-Nahlias says: These words are not contradictory words. Because those who make this claim have pointed out all of these and that they are Hz. It is possible that they claimed to have taught the Prophet.[10]

Muhammad b. İshak b. Yessar says in his work “es-Sîre”: According to what has reached me, the Messenger of Allah (s.a.) used to sit a lot near Marwah near the things sold by a slave belonging to one of the sons of Hadram, who was a Christian and was called Jabr. They said: “I swear to God, only the Christian Jabr, the slave of the Children of Hadram, taught Muhammad most of what he brought.” Thereupon, Allah Almighty said, “Indeed; We know what they say, of course a human being teaches him. The language of the person they mean is foreign. He revealed the verse “The Quran is in clear Arabic.” Abdullah Ibn Kathir also said so. According to the narration from Ikrime and Qatada, the name of this slave was Yaish. Ibn Jarir says: In the narration of Ahmed ibn Muhammad al-Tusi… from Ibn Abbas, he narrated as follows: The Messenger of Allah (s.a.) knew a slave in Mecca. This slave’s name was Bel’am and his language was foreign. The polytheists would see the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) coming and going near him and they would say, “Surely Bel’am is teaching him.” Thereupon, Allah Almighty said, “I swear; We know what they say, of course a human being teaches him. The language of the person they mean is foreign. He revealed the verse “The Quran is in clear Arabic.”[11]

¹⁰⁴Surely, those who do not believe in the Ayat of Allah; Allah will not guide them and a severe punishment will be for them.

¹⁰⁵Only those who do not believe in the Ayat of Allah invent a lie. And they are the ones who are the liars.

In these verses, those who slander Allah and His Messenger are condemned and it is stated that the fate of these people is not and will not be good. Then, it was emphasized that only those who do not believe in God’s verses would tell lies, and the message was given that believers would not tell such lies.

¹⁰⁶Whoever disbelieves; denies the divinity of Allah and the fact that He is Rabb after his belief, -except for one who is forced by oppression while his heart is secured in faith- and opens his heart to disbelieve; not to believe, then Allah will be displeased with them. A great punishment will be for them as well.

¹⁰⁸They are the ones over whose hearts, ears and eyes Allah has sealed. They are the ones who are apathetic, careless and unaware.

¹⁰⁹Surely, there is no doubt that it is they who will be the losers in Akhirat [Afterlife].

These verses explain the fate of those who voluntarily fall into disbelief after believing, even though they were not forced or under any coercion, and the reason why they deserve this fate. If a person turns to disbelief after believing, it is because they find the worldly life more beloved than the afterlife. They compared the pleasures they would enjoy in this world with the pleasures they would enjoy in the afterlife, and as a result, they adopted the present and preferred the pleasures in this world. Because their passion for the world and temporary pleasure and pleasure has blinded their hearts and destroyed their ability to see the truth. As a result of this wrong choice, they suffered absolute loss in the afterlife.

¹⁸And whoever desires the world that passes quickly, We hasten that which We will to whom We intend. Then We prepare Jahannah [Hell] for them so that they will enter therein condemned and banished. ¹⁹And whoever desires Akhirat [Afterlife] and works for Akhirat [Afterlife] with the effort that is due for Akhirat [Afterlife] while he is a believer, the efforts of those will be recompensed. ²⁰We give to all of them; those who desire the world and those who desire Akhirat [Afterlife] from the gift of your Rabb. And the gift of your Rabb is not restricted.

(Isra/18-20)

²⁷Those who say: “You are not the messenger” love the world which passes very quickly and leave a grave day their behind.

(Human/27)

²⁰Whoever desires the harvest of Akhirat [Afterlife], We increase for him in his harvest. And whoever desires the harvest of the world, then We give him from it. Yet there will be no share for him in Akhirat [Afterlife].

(Shura/20)

The exception made with the expression “… -except for one who is forced by oppression while his heart is secured in faith” in verse 106 concerns believers who are subjected to unbearable torture and pain in order to make them give up their faith. The following information is included in classical works regarding the revelation of these verses:

Almighty Allah’s command “Except for those who are forced”, according to the opinion of tafsir scholars, Ammâr b. It was revealed about Yasir. Because Ammar (r.a) was partially close to what he wanted from him. Ibn Abbas says: The polytheists took him, his father, his mother Sumayya, Suhayb, Bilal, Habbab and Salim and started torturing them. Sumayyah was tied to two camels and a spear was stuck in her front. It was said to him, “You embraced Islam because of men.” Both she and her husband Yasir were killed. These are the first people to be killed [martyrized] in the history of Islam. Ammar, on the other hand, said what they wanted, using his language under force and pressure. When he mentioned this to the Prophet (pbuh), the Prophet (pbuh) asked him: “How do you find your heart?” He replied, “Full of faith and at peace.” Thereupon, the Prophet (pbuh) said to him, “If they try to do the same thing again, do the same.”[12]

Just as a person does not become a disbeliever if his heart is full of faith and swearing comes out of his tongue, he does not become a believer if he only expresses faith with his tongue and says he is a Muslim while his heart is full of swearing. Such a person would only be a hypocrite.

^166-168That which touched you on the day when two people met was by permission/knowledge of Allah. And it is because that He may declare/mark and show the believers and declare/mark and show the hypocrites –those who say for their brothers while sitting: “Had they obeyed us, they would not have been killed”-. And it was said to them: “Come, fight or defend for the cause of Allah”. They said: “If we had known about the war, we would definitely have followed you”. On that day, they were closer to conceal the divinity of Allah and the fact that He is Rabb than faith. They said with their mouths that which was not in their hearts. Allah is the One Who knows better that which they conceal. Say: “If you are truthful ones, move the death away from yourselves”.

(Al-i Imran/166- 168)

¹¹⁰Indeed, Your Rabb is for those who emigrated after being harmed then strove and had patience. Then, after this, your Rabb is definitely very forgiving, very merciful.

In this verse, our Lord declares that He is with those who suffered for the sake of their beliefs, migrated, did jihad as much as they could, and showed patience and perseverance while doing these, and that such people will be the recipient of God’s mercy and forgiveness, and that they will be fully rewarded for what they have done, both in the afterlife and in this world. It does. The statement in the verse, “…your Lord is for those who emigrated after being oppressed, then waged jihad, and were patient” is an expression as if to say, “Your Lord is at their command.”

In this verse, our Lord also shows a way out for believers whose torment has reached an extreme level. This way is for believers in difficult situations to migrate and go to safer regions. However, it is not easy to leave your mother, father, child, relatives, friends, and the property you have accumulated over the years and go to a place where you know no one and no one knows you. This is a job that not every person can do, but only men. That is why our Lord honors these men by saying, “Then surely your Lord is for those who emigrated after being oppressed, then waged jihad and were patient.”

There are other explanations of our Lord about the weight of migration and its benefits:

⁷²Surely, those who have believed, emigrated from their lands, fought with their lives and wealth for the cause of Allah and sheltered and helped; yes they are the ones some of who are familiars who help, guide, protect of others. And as for those who have believed and not emigrated, they will not have closeness until they emigrate. And if they demand help for the religion, you must help them except against a people between whom and you is a treaty. And Allah is the One Who sees very well what you do.

(Anfal/72)

¹⁹⁵And, their Rabb responded to them: “Surely, I never let the deed of any worker among you get lost, whether male or female –that you all are same-. Therefore, those who emigrated, were driven out from their homes, were harmed in My cause, who fought and are killed; I will definitely remove their evil deeds from them and admit them into the gardens of Jannah [Heaven/Paradise], underneath of which rivers flow, as a reward from Allah. And Allah is the One Who has the good of the reward with Him”.

(Al-i Imran/195)

¹¹¹On that day, everyone will come pleading for his own self and all will be recompensed fully for what they did. And they will not be treated unjustly.

In the afterlife, everyone has their own troubles, kinship and all closeness have ended. Everyone is trying to save themselves. Criminals run away from their relatives and those they have relationships with in the world. He even considers ransoming his sons, wife and family to save himself:

^33-36Then, when there comes the horrifying blast of what clashes hard; it is such a day that, man will flee from his brother, his mother, his father, his spouse and his sons.

³⁷That day, there will be a matter which will keep everyone of them occupied.

(Abese/33-37)

^11-14While they are shown to each other, the criminal will want to give away his sons, spouse and brother, all his family in which he was grown up and all who live on the earth as ransom to save himself from the punishment of that day.

(Mearic/11- 14)

In these verses, a serious message was given to the infidels of Quraysh through the example of a city that is safe, peaceful, and has plenty of means of subsistence. The people of the city given as an example were ungrateful for God’s blessings, and God punished them by putting them in trouble. Using this example, the message was given to the Quraysh disbelievers: “If you continue with this ungratefulness, we will put your city in trouble.”

As a matter of fact, the city of Mecca, where a comfortable life was enjoyed due to its location on trade routes and being a peaceful and safe town, experienced a lot of drought and famine after the migration of believers.

The example of the city given in the verse may be from real life, or it may be a literary art with exemplary content. We understand the example city in question as Sebe:

¹⁵Surely, there was an evidence/a sign for the people of Sheba in where they took as their home: Two gardens on the right and on the left! –“Eat from the provision of your Rabb and repay for the blessings for Him! How a beautiful land and a very forgiving Rabb!”-

¹⁷This is how We recompensed them for they disbelieved; consciously denied the divinity of Allah and the fact that He is Rabb. And We recompense only those who are very ungrateful.

¹⁸And We made many cities between them and the cities which we had blessed. And We determined travels for them: -Travel between them by nights and days in safety!-

¹⁹Then they said: “O our Rabb! Lengthen the distance between our journeys / Separate the space between our eyelids from each other; let our eyes open wide so that we can see further and a broader environment, and earn more!” and treated unjustly to themselves by doing wrong; acting against their own good. And now, We made them tales and dispersed them in total dispersion. Surely, there is an evidence/a sign in this for everyone who repays for what he is given and is patient.

(Sebe/15-19)

As for the message given to the Quraysh infidels with this example; We quote our explanations on the subject in the Quraysh Surah here:

^1-2For the safety and welfare of the Quraysh; winter and summer; for their safety and welfare during their usual campaigns… ^3,4Then let them worship Rabb of this House Who has fed them by saving them from hunger and has given them safety from every fear.

(Quraysh/1-4)

As can be seen, it is stated in the surah that “the owner and Lord of that House” saved the Quraysh from hunger, fed them, and made them safe from fear. For this reason, the Quraysh had to worship only Allah just because they were blessed with security:

⁶⁷Or have they not seen that We made Mecca safe and untouchable while people are being taken away by force around it? Do they still believe in falsehood and are they ungrateful for the blessings of Allah?

(Ankebut/67)

⁵⁷And they said: “If we follow the guidance to the righteous path together with you, we will be driven out from our land”. Have We not established them in a secure place/Mecca¹⁸², where fruits of all crops were harvested and brought to them as a provision from Us? But most of them do not know.

(Kasas/57)

Before the Quraysh took refuge in “This House [Kaaba]” they were scattered and had no respect. When they came together in Mecca and undertook the service of the Kaaba, they rose to a respected position throughout Arabia. At that time, people could not go beyond their tribal borders anywhere in Arabia and could not sleep comfortably for even a moment under the danger of being attacked. Because attacks would result in either death or slavery. Caravans could only proceed safely by bribing the elders of the tribes along their route.

In such an environment where no tribe was safe during the period of ignorance, the Quraysh in Mecca were completely safe from all these dangers. Because it was out of the question for Mecca to face an enemy attack. The Quraysh, as “servants of the Kaaba”, traveled freely all over the country in large and small convoys, and no one would touch them. In fact, it would be enough for a Quraysh traveling alone to say “I am from Harem” or “I am from Allah’s harem” to escape attacks. All these advantages show that the Quraysh were blessed not only with material values, but also with spiritual values such as reputation and security. On top of this, our Lord also granted them the blessing of revelation, so that the Quraysh had the opportunity to stay away from perversion and blasphemy [and therefore from hell]. With his warning in the verses in question, our Lord gives the message to the Quraysh unbelievers to make good use of these blessings and not to fall into the fate of the exemplary city people. Because those who are blessed with Allah’s grace and grace should never be ungrateful to their Lord who gives them these blessings abundantly.

¹¹⁴Then eat halal/permissible and pure of that which Allah has provided for you. And repay for the blessing of Allah; if you should worship only Him.

¹¹⁷Their earning in this world is little enjoyment. And there will be a painful punishment for them.

In this group of verses, our Lord wants people to eat the clean, pleasant and delicious blessings He has given them and to be grateful for these blessings. Then he stated that he forbade carrion, blood, pork, and anything allocated for other than Allah. However, in cases such as the possibility of death, he allowed the consumption of prohibited foods to the extent of necessity. He also stated that only Allah can determine whether something is haram or not, and that saying haram or halal in the name of Allah is a slander against Allah, and threatened those who commit such fraud with painful punishment.

Regarding halal and haram foods mentioned in the passage, they are given in Surahs An’am (136, 138, 139, 142-145, 118, 146), Baqara (173), Maidah (2, 3).

In this verse, it is stated that the prohibitions listed above were also prohibited to the Jews, but they oppressed themselves by increasing the prohibitions.

^160,161Like that: For the unjust behaviors of those who had become Jews, their efforts to avert many people from the path of Allah, that they took Riba [obtaining revenues without effort, service and risk] although it was forbidden to them and their consumption of wealth of the people without right, We made haram/forbidden that which had been made halal/permissible to them. And We have prepared a painful punishment for the infidels; those who consciously denied the divinity of Allah and the fact that He is Rabb from among those that had become Jews.

¹⁶²But those who have been deep in knowledge and who believe from among those who became Jews believe in what has been revealed to you and what was revealed before. They are the ones who establish Salah [establish and maintain the institutions that support financially and spiritually; enlighten the community], give zaqah; the tax that the believers sincerely give as a liability of belief and duty of servitude so that the religion of Allah may be spread, maintained and Salah may be established, believe in Allah and the day of Akhirat [Afterlife]. They are the ones whom We will give a great reward.

(Nisa/l60-l62)

In this verse, where it is stated that our Lord opens the doors of mercy and gives his servants who have committed sins the opportunity to repent and correct their mistakes, it is as if our Lord is giving the message that he is ready to forgive his servants with the language he uses. Due to His mercy, our Lord always keeps the doors of repentance open to His servants and gives them the opportunity to turn from their blasphemy and sins before death.

There are many other verses containing this message: Nisa/17,18, 48,16, Al-i Imran/90, 91.

¹²²And We bestowed Abraham good in the world. And surely, he will be among the righteous in Akhirat [Afterlife].

In this group of verses where the Prophet Abraham is the subject, it is reminded that Abraham (pbuh) was a person who submitted to Allah, turned to Him [became Hanif], and was grateful for His blessings, thus advising the Meccan polytheists to be like Ibrahim (pbuh), of whom they boasted of being his grandchild. to follow his religion; In other words, they were warned to take into consideration the halal and haram in Abraham’s religion.

In this message, Prophet Abraham is introduced with the following qualities:

Abraham is an ummah unto himself
It is evidence
Haniftir
He is not one of the polytheists
He is a person who is grateful for the blessings God has given him.
He is a person chosen by Allah as a messenger
He is someone who has been granted the guidance of Allah
God gave him beauty even in this world
He is among the righteous in the afterlife

There are many verses in the Quran regarding the attributes of Prophet Abraham listed here. However, we will confine ourselves to analyzing only three of these adjectives:

Abraham (as) being a community unto himself

As we have explained several times before, the word “ummah” means “those who are in the same place at the same time by their own will or as a result of necessity; having the same belief, good or bad; It means “a community of people living together for the same purpose”. From the fact that Prophet Abraham is described as an ummah in his own right, it is understood that he was a person worth a whole society in social matters and affairs. All the virtues of the members of a society were present in him.

It is also possible to understand the word “ummah” here in the sense of “imam”.

¹²⁴And when his Rabb tried Abraham with certain words/wounds, distress and he fulfilled them completely. His Rabb said: “I am the One Who has made you leader to the people”. Abraham said: “Make leaders from among my descendants as well!”. His Rabb said: “My covenant/promise does not reach those who treat unjustly to their very selves!”.

(Baqara/124)

Abraham Becoming “Proof”

The word “Kanit” is the active noun form of the word “kunut”. The word “Kunut” means “to remain silent, to keep a moment of silence”.[13] As a religious term, “kunut” means “to be humble and respectful in serving Allah and to maintain this situation.” This adjective is mentioned many times in the Quran as a characteristic of true believers. (Ahzab/31,35, Zumer/9, Nisa/34, Tahrim/5, 12, Bakara/116, 238, Rum/26 and Al-i Imran/17) The word Kanit is used here as a special person for the Prophet Abraham, Al- It was also used for Mary in Imran/43. The use of this quality for Prophet Abraham means that he was someone who respected Allah, always respected Him, and never failed to respect Him.

Hanif

The word “Hanefe” means “foot rotation, turning so that the big toes of the two feet face each other”. There are also those who say that the word means the sole of the foot coming up. The word later came to be used in the sense of “turning from good to evil, from evil to good”. Over time, it became an important characteristic of the Prophet Abraham and became general in the sense of “turning from polytheism to tawhid”. At the time when the Quran was revealed, those who belonged to the religion of Abraham in Mecca, those who came to Mecca from abroad, performed the pilgrimage and were circumcised were called “hanif”. Later, this word came to mean “Muslim [Muslim]”.[14]

Taking into account the above explanations about the meaning of the word, we believe that the word should be understood not as “one who was a polytheist before but then abandoned polytheism and turned to monotheism”, but as “one who turned to monotheism without committing shirk”. As a matter of fact, this is understood from the following verse:

^30,31Thus it is! And whoever shows respect to what Allah made untouchable, it is better for him in the sight of his Rabb. And all livestock other than which have been recited to you are made halal/permissible to you. Therefore, avoid the evil which is from those idols as the ones who have turned to Allah, who do not associate others with Him, and avoid lies as well. And whoever associates others with Allah is like that which falls from the sky and snatched by birds or that which the wind drags to a desolate place.

(Hajj/30, 31)

The word “حنيف haniyf” appeared for the first time in the Quran in the Surah Yunus:

^104-106Say: “O people! If you do not exactly know what my religion is, know well that I do not worship those you worship from among those that are inferior to Allah. But I worship Allah/the One Who will take your lives. And I have been commanded to be among those believers and that ‘Turn all your self towards the Religion as being one who turns to the Truth from associating, consciously denying the divinity of Allah and the fact that He is Rabb and never be among those who associate others with Allah! And do not invoke those that neither benefit you nor will harm you from among those that are inferior to Allah! If you do despite this, you will definitely be among those who do wrong; act against their own good by associating others with Allah’”.

(Yunus/104-106)

Since a detailed explanation is given in the Surah Yunus regarding the hanifism of Prophet Abraham, we recommend that you read the details from there:

In the 128th verse of the passage that is our subject, our Lord says, “Then We revealed to you, ‘Follow the people of Abraham, who was Hanif and was not one of the polytheists.'” From this statement of our Lord, we understand that the essence of revelation [divine principles] never changes from the first prophet to the last prophet. The essence of the religious blessing given to the first prophet and the religious blessing given to the last prophet is the same:

^77,78O you who have believed! Acknowledge the oneness of Allah, submit, worship your Rabb, do good deeds and strive for the cause of Allah properly so you may win victory, maintain your status. He has chosen you and has not placed upon you any difficulty in the religion; the religion/lifestyle of your ancestor, Abraham. He has named you “Muslims” before and in the Qur’an so the Messenger; the Qur’an may be a witness over you and you may be witnesses over the people. Therefore, establish Salah [establish and maintain the institutions that support financially and spiritually; enlighten the community], give zaqah; the tax that the believers sincerely give as a liability of belief and duty of servitude so that the religion of Allah may be spread, maintained and Salah may be established and hold fast to Allah. He is your familiar Who guides, helps, protects. How an excellent familiar Who guides, helps, protects, how an excellent helper He is!

(Hajj/78)

¹⁶¹Say: “Surely, my Rabb has guided me to the righteous path; to a religion standing tight, the religion and the lifestyle of Abraham who turned away from associating others with Allah, consciously denying the divinity of Allah and the fact that He is Rabb. Abraham was not among those who associated others with Allah”.

(An’am/161)

In this verse, it is explained who is made obligatory on the Sabbath and it is stated that those who do not attach importance to the Sabbath will be punished. The “Sabbath” was made obligatory upon those who were currently creating turmoil regarding the “sabbath” issue. Those who continue to disagree on this issue are the Children of Israel.

“Sabbath” actually means “comfort, rest, calmness, quitting work, sleeping.[15]” We have previously made a detailed explanation regarding the “Sabbath” in the analysis of the Surah Al-A’raf. We briefly summarize the subject due to its importance:

“SABBATH” DAY

“Sabbath” day, popularly known as “Saturday”; It is the day when people leave aside their [worldly] affairs related to their daily lives and without thinking about these, they just listen to God’s words and spend time thinking about them deeply, thus resting both their bodies and souls.

The following is written in the Torah about the “sabbath” day, whose name is “Sabbath”:

Ten Commandments

1- God spoke thus: 2- “I am the LORD your God, who brought you out of Egypt, from the land of slavery. 3- “You will have no other gods before me. 4- “You shall not make for yourself an idol like any living creature in the sky above, or on the earth beneath, or in the waters under the ground. 5- You shall not bow down to idols or worship them. For I, the LORD your God, am a jealous God. He who hates me will not be held accountable for the sin of his father by his children.” 6- But I show love to thousands of generations who love me and keep my commandments. 7- “You shall not take the name of the LORD your God in vain. For the LORD will not leave unpunished those who take his name in vain. 8- “Remember the Sabbath day, keeping it holy. 9- Six days you shall work and do all your work. 10- But the seventh day is a Sabbath dedicated to me, to the LORD your God. On that day you, your son, your daughter, your male and female servant, 11- For I, the LORD, created the heavens and the earth and the sea and all living things in six days, and rested on the seventh day. Therefore I have blessed the Sabbath and made it a holy day.[16]

Laws of Justice and Holiness

1- The LORD said to Moses, 2- “Speak to the congregation of Israel, ‘Be holy, for I, the LORD your God, am holy. 3- “‘Honor every man his father and his mother. Keep my Sabbaths. I am the LORD your God. 4- “‘Do not worship idols. Do not make for yourselves molten gods. I am the LORD your God.[17]

Sabbath Breakers Are Killed

32- While the Israelites were in the wilderness, they found someone gathering wood on the Sabbath. 33- Those who found the man while gathering wood brought him before Moses and Aaron and all the assembly. 34- Since it was not determined what to do with the man, they kept him in custody. 35- Then the LORD said to Moses, “That man must be killed. Let the whole assembly stone him outside the camp.” 36- So the assembly brought the man out of the camp. They stoned him to death, just as the LORD commanded Moses.[18]

21- Thus says the LORD: Be careful not to carry any burdens or bring anything into the gates of Jerusalem on the Sabbath day. 22- Do not take out any load from your home or do any work on the Sabbath. You shall keep the Sabbath holy, as I commanded your ancestors. 23- But they did not heed my words or pay heed. They were stubborn and did not listen to me, they did not want to come to my senses. 24 – If you listen carefully to me, declares the LORD, and keep the Sabbath day holy, not carrying burdens through the gates of this city and doing no work, 25 – If you will fight with the kings and the princes who sit on the throne of David,

They will enter the gates of this city on chariots and horses, along with the people of Judah and the inhabitants of Jerusalem. People will live in this city forever. 26 They will come from the cities of Judah, from around Jerusalem, from the land of Benjamin, from the Shephelah, from the hill country, and from the Negev, and bring burnt offerings, sacrifices, grain offerings, frankincense offerings, and thanksgiving offerings to the house of the LORD. 27- But if you do not listen to me and enter the gates of Jerusalem carrying burdens on the Sabbath day and do not consider that day holy, I will burn the gates of the city with fire. “The fire will consume the palaces of Jerusalem and will never be quenched.”[19]

12 And I gave them my sabbaths as a sign between us, so that they might know that I, the LORD, sanctify them. 13- “‘So the people of Israel rebelled against me in the wilderness. They did not follow my statutes, which give life to those who follow them, but they rejected my statutes. They also disregarded my sabbaths. Therefore, I said that I would pour out my wrath on them in the wilderness and destroy them. 14- But the nations who saw that I brought the Israelites out of Egypt 15- And I swore in the wilderness that I would not bring them into the most beautiful land that I had given them, a land flowing with milk and honey. 16- Because they rejected my statutes, did not keep my statutes, and disregarded my sabbaths. Their hearts were set on their idols. 17- Again And I had compassion on them, and I did not destroy them, nor did I put an end to their work in the wilderness. 18- I said to the children in the wilderness: Do not follow the decrees of your ancestors, do not live according to their statutes, do not defile yourselves with their idols. 19- I am the LORD your God; follow my statutes and live by my statutes. 20- Among us “I said, ‘Keep holy my Sabbaths for a sign. Then you will know that I am the LORD your God. 21-“‘But the children disobeyed me. They didn’t follow my rules. They did not live carefully according to my principles, which give life to those who practice them. They disregarded my Sabbaths. That’s why I said that I would pour out my anger and anger on them in the desert. 22- But I withdrew my hand, lest my name be dishonored in the eyes of the nations that saw me bring the Israelites out of Egypt. 23- I swore in the wilderness that I would scatter them among the nations and send them to other lands. 24- Because they did not follow my statutes and rejected my statutes. They have disregarded my Sabbaths and have fixed their eyes on the idols of their ancestors.[20]

The reason why the “sabbath” day, which is the day devoted to worship leaving worldly affairs aside, has become widespread among the public as “Saturday” is due to the fact that “sabbath” is practiced on Saturdays.

The reason why the subject of “Sabbath” is mentioned in the verse is to declare that the Sabbath is not in the religion of the Prophet Abraham. The Sabbath [restriction of worldly affairs] is an obligation specifically imposed on the Jews. The reason for this obligation is that the Jews constantly disobey the laws and orders, as can be understood from the Bible quotations.

In these verses, the Messenger of Allah was addressed and he was informed about the method of invitation he should follow in the path of Allah. The invitation method that Almighty Allah wants to be followed in this regard is the method of inviting people to Islam with wisdom and good advice, and of calling them to the truth by fighting against them in the best way possible.

The method by which the invitation should be made is also discussed in the following verse:

⁴⁶Deal with the People of the Book only in the best way except for those who do wrong; act against their own good by associating others with Allah among them and say to them: “We have believed in what has been revealed to us and what was revealed to you. Our god and your god is one. And we are the ones who Islamize [create well-being, peace, order, happiness…] only for Allah”.

(Ankebut/46)

Reason for Revelation of the Verse:

The majority of tafsir scholars accept that this verse was revealed in Medina. This verse was written by Hz. Uhud on the day of Uhud. It was revealed about the musla [cutting off of the limbs] of Hamza. This issue is mentioned in the Sira section of Sahih Bukhari.

An-Nahhas is of the opinion that this verse was revealed in Mecca. In terms of its meaning, it has a good connection with the commandments that were revealed in Mecca before it. Because here, there is a gradual transition from the one who is invited and given advice, to the one who is discussed, and from there to the one who is punished for his actions. However, the narration coming from the people is stronger.

According to Darakutni’s narration, Ibn Abbas said: After the polytheists left those killed in Uhud, the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) went to those killed. He encountered a sight he did not like. When he saw that Hamza’s abdomen was split open and his nose and ears were cut off, he said: “If women would not be grieved or there would be no circumcision to be followed after me, I would leave him until Allah resurrects him from the belly of wild animals and birds (on the day of judgment). Oath “I promise that I will treat seventy people in his place.” Then he asked for a cloth to be brought to him and he covered his face with it. His feet were left out. The Messenger of Allah (pbuh) covered his face with this cloth and placed izhir grass on his feet. Then he took him forward and recited the takbir ten times. Then (the martyrs) were brought one by one and placed (in order to perform funeral prayers). Hamza was standing in his place. Finally Hz. He performed seventy prayers over Hamza. Because the number of those killed (in Uhud) was seventy. After the burial of the martyrs was completed, the following verses were revealed: “Invite to the way of your Lord with wisdom and good advice… Be patient, your patience is only with Allah.” The Messenger of Allah (pbuh) was also patient and did not apply musla to anyone.[21]

Our Lord commanded in the Quran that the great jihad should be carried out with Furqan. He also explains the advice of the Quran in hundreds of verses:

⁵²Then do not obey those infidels who consciously deny the divinity of Allah and the fact that He is Rabb and strive against them with your best efforts, with the Furqan!

(Furkan/52)

The form, means and material of invitation are always shown in the Quran. As commanded, “fighting in the best way” can be done without being offensive, with soft words, by responding to evil with good, by drawing attention to common values with knowledge and scientific data, and with patience. It is understood from the following verses that the invitation should be like this:

⁴³You both go to Pharaoh. He truly has transgressed. ⁴⁴Then speak to him softly so he may be reminded and fear in awe with respect, love and knowledge”.

(Ta Ha/43, 44)

¹⁵⁹So, you treated them leniently only because of the mercy of Allah. If you had been rude and harsh in heart, they would have disbanded from you. Then, pardon them and ask forgiveness for them. Consult them in the matter; find and discover the best of the matter together, and once you have decided, rely on Allah. Indeed, Allah likes those who rely on Himself.

(Al-i Imran/159)

^19-24Then, is the one who knows that which has been revealed to you from your Rabb is the truth like the one who is blind? Surely, only those who are able to comprehend;

those who fulfill their promises to Allah and who do not break the contract,

those who combine that which Allah has ordered to be combined; the faith and the good deed,

those who fear their Rabb in awe with respect, love, knowledge and who are afraid of the evil of account,

those who had patience in order to obtain the countenance of their Rabb,

those who established Salah [established and maintained the institutions that support financially and spiritually; enlighten the community],

those who spent from what We had provided for them secretly and openly for the cause of Allah

and those who eliminate evil with good remember and contemplate. It is they for whom the consequence of this home; the gardens of Eden are. They, the righteous from among their ancestors, spouses and descendants will enter into the gardens of Eden. And the forces in charge/harbinger Ayat will enter upon them from every gate: “Salam [health, peace, happiness…]

(Rad/19-24)

(Fussilet/33, 34)

^3,4Some of the people dispute about Allah without knowledge and follow every rebellious satan. –It has been decreed about the rebellious satan: “Indeed, whoever makes satan his familiar who is guide, guardian; satan will surely lead astray the one who has made him his guide, guardian and he guides him to the punishment of Jahannah [Hell]”.-

(Hajj/3)

⁶⁴Say: “O People of the Book! Come to a word that is common between you and us; the principle of ‘let us worship none except Allah, not associate anything with Him and not take one another as rabbs from among those that are inferior to Allah’. If the People of the Book turn away despite this, then say, “Witness that we surely are Muslims”.

(Al-i Imran/64)

¹²⁶And if you are to punish, punish with an equivalent of that with which you have been punished. And if you have patience, it is definitely better for those who have patience.

In this verse, our Lord commands us to be patient and forgiving in the face of bad treatment and not to immediately resort to punishment. One of the attributes of believers is that they are “people who forgive when they are angry, … people who help each other/take revenge when a bagy [oppression and attack] hits them.”

(Fussilet/33, 34)

⁹⁶Repel evil by that which is best. We know very well that which they ascribe.

(Mu’minun/96)

An example is also given from the Prophet Joseph in this regard. He forgave his brothers who wronged him:

⁸⁹Joseph said: “Do you know what you did to Joseph and his brother when you were ignorant?”

⁹⁰Brothers of Joseph said: “Are you really Joseph?”. Joseph said: “I am indeed and he is my brother. Surely, Allah has given us His blessings. Surely, whoever enters under the guardianship of Allah and is patient; then no doubt Allah will not let the reward of those who do good deeds be lost”.

⁹¹They said: “By Allah, Allah exalted you above us. And we surely have been the wrong”.

^92,93Joseph said: “No condemnation and accusation will be upon you today. May Allah forgive you. He is the most merciful of those who show mercy. Take my shirt and put it on the face of my father so he may be saved from that scorned/ridiculed illness/being depressed. And bring me your all family”.

(Yusuf/89- 92)

Since the subject of forgiveness was previously discussed in the analysis of the Surah Shura, we recommend that our detailed explanations be read there.

¹²⁷And you, have patience! Your patience is only by Allah. Do not grieve for them! Do not be in distress because of the plots that they conspire!

¹²⁸Indeed, Allah is with those who have entered under the guardianship of Himself and those who are the ones who do good deeds.

In these verses, in addition to his command in the previous verse, our Lord commanded the Messenger of Allah to continue his duty with fortitude, not to feel sorry for the stubborn ones, not to fall into trouble because of them, and then gave the following good news and assurance, which is a declaration to all humanity: Indeed, Allah is the one who heals those who act piously and themselves. / He is with those who are the ones who beautify.

As can be seen, the last message of the surah is the good news that Allah is with believers who act piously and heal. “The person with whom Allah is with” means the person who will not be let down in this world and the afterlife. We also see this patience and trust in the following statements from the Prophet Muhammad and Moses:

⁶²Moses said: “Certainly not as you think! Surely my Rabb is with me and will guide me”.

(Shuara/62)

⁴⁰If you do not help the Messenger, know that Allah has indeed helped him. When those infidels; those who consciously deny the divinity of Allah and the fact that He is Rabb drove him out as the second of the two. When they both were in the cave. When the messenger said to his companion: “Do not grieve, indeed Allah is with us”. Then Allah sent down upon him the feelings of trust and tranquility which pacify the heart/increased their morale, reinforced him with soldiers which you did not see and made the word of the infidels; those who consciously deny the divinity of Allah and the fact that He is Rabb the lowest. And the word of Allah is what is the highest. And Allah is the One Who is the most exalted, the most powerful, the most honorable, the invincible/the subduer, the best law maker, the One Who precludes corruption best/makes incorruptible.

(At-Tawbah/40)

It is also stated in the following verses that Allah is with those who have piety:

¹⁹⁴The prohibited month is for the haram/forbidden month. And all that which must be obeyed/binding provisions are for each other. Then whoever has attacked you, then attack him in the same way he has attacked you. And enter under the guardianship of Allah. And know that Allah is with those who have entered under the guardianship of Himself.

(Baqara / 194)

³⁶Indeed, number of the months is twelve as months with Allah; in the decree of Allah on the day that He formed the heavens/universe and the earth. Four of these have been made untouchable. This is the religion that protects. Therefore, do not treat yourselves unjustly during the untouchable months. And fight those who associate others with Allah collectively as they fight you collectively. And know that Allah is absolutely with those who have entered under the guardianship of Himself.

(Tevbe/36)

⁶⁹And We will surely guide those who strive in Our cause to Our paths. And indeed, Allah is with those who produce good.

(Ankebut/69)

Allah knows the truth best.

[1] (Muqatil, al-Suyuti; al-Itkan)

[2] (Razi, al-Mefatih al-Ghayb; Qurtubi, al-Jami’li Ahkami’l Qur’an)

[3] (Qurtubi; al-Jami’a li Ahkami’l Qur’an)

[4] (Wahidi; Asbab al-Nuzul, Ibn Jarir, Ibn Abi Hatim)

[5] (Lisan al Arab, vol. 7, pp. 359, 360)

[6] (al-Mufredat; article Fahsha)

[7] (Lisan al Arab, c.1, pp. 467-469 art. “bğv”)

[8] (Razi; al Mefatih al Gayb, Qurtubi; al Jami’li Ahkami’l Qur’an)

[9] (Lisan al-Arab; vol. 4, p. 290. art. “Ruh”)

[10] (Qurtubi; al-Jami’a li Ahkami’l Qur’an)

[11] (Ibn Kathir)

[12] (Qurtubi; al-Jami’a li Ahkami’l Qur’an)

[13] (Lisan; 7/504 art.”knt”)

[14] (Lisan al-Arab c: 2, p: 629, 630 art. “hnf”)

[15] (Lisan al Arab, vol. 4, p. 462 art. “sbt”)

[16] Exodus, Chapter 20; verse 1-11:

[17] Leviticus chapter 19; verses 1-4:

[18] Numbers Chapter 15; verses 32-36:

[19] Jeremiah Chapter 17; verses 21-27:

[20] Ezekiel Chapter 20; verses 12-24:

[21] (Qurtubi; al-Jami’a li Ahkami’l Qur’an)